Opportunistic Infections (Opportunistic Infection)

04/01/2002 - "Improved prophylaxis or treatment of some opportunistic infections could also have reduced the proportions of deaths with those diseases, whereas antiviral drug toxicity could have contributed to increases in the proportions with noninfectious organ diseases."
10/01/2000 - "These were subdivided into trials of antivirals, trials for drugs used in opportunistic infections or symptomatic HIV and epidemiological studies. "
04/15/1990 - "A phase II trial with preliminary evidence of antiviral activity and low incidence of opportunistic infections."
06/01/2021 - "Immunosuppressive therapy was adjusted in 100% of patients, there was an approximately 14.3% rate of antiviral resistance and 28.6% had concomitant opportunistic infection. "
01/01/2019 - "Early emergence of opportunistic infections after starting direct-acting antiviral drugs in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients."

10/01/1998 - "Cotrimoxazole (Bactrim) has been shown effective in preventing most of the opportunistic infections (OIs) prevalent in Western Africa. "
01/01/2015 - "The majority of health care workers (89.7%) reported that co-trimoxazole is very effective for the prevention of opportunistic infections among children, but frequent shortage of co-trimoxazole in the health facilities was the main challenge. "
10/01/2016 - "We provided ART, even if the participants were not receiving ART before the study, and daily co-trimoxazole for prevention of opportunistic infections. "
11/20/2004 - "Co-trimoxazole as prophylaxis against opportunistic infections in HIV-infected Zambian children (CHAP): a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial."
05/22/2004 - "Study of opportunistic infection prophylaxis with cotrimoxazole in Ivory Coast]."

03/01/1993 - "Three of the 10 patients, none taking zidovudine and all with low initial CD4 counts, were withdrawn during the study due to acute opportunistic infections. "
01/01/1993 - "Clinical trials in Australia in diseases related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have steadily expanded from the earliest national study of zidovudine to a range of trials either actively recruiting or being activated that cover a wide spectrum of primary viral, opportunistic infection and opportunistic malignant diseases. "
01/01/1989 - "Only 24 subjects (41%) were receiving zidovudine at the end of the study period including 17 who had neither opportunistic infection nor toxicity. "
06/01/2015 - "Opportunistic infections were similar between regimens without propensity score, while the zidovudine regimen had 1.2 times (p=0.63) more opportunistic infections with propensity score. "
02/01/2013 - "Short inter birth interval (p = 0.002), presence of opportunistic infections (OIs), (p = 0.001), use of zidovudine containing regimen (p = 0.0005) and CD4 cell count <200 cells/mm(3) (p = 0.001) were found to be independently associated with anaemia in HIV positive pregnant women after controlling for confounding variables. "

03/01/2023 - "Studies have shown improved outcomes with steroid use in this subset of patients; however, the use of high doses of steroids predisposes these patients to develop various complications such as opportunistic infections. "
03/01/2008 - "Low-dose MTX was tolerable and effective for the steroid-refractory or -dependent GVHD in reducing the dose of steroid without increasing the risk of opportunistic infection."
01/01/1993 - "Studies to examine their relationship to clinical outcomes (i.e., graft function, steroid toxicity, opportunistic infections) are currently in progress."
07/01/2022 - "However, with the unfortunate injudicious use of steroids, opportunistic infections have created havoc even in recovered patients. "
01/01/2022 - "Treatment with additional immunosuppression including steroids often leads to opportunistic infections and organ dysfunction. "

05/01/1998 - "No significant differences were reported with respect to improvement in CD4 count, elimination of p24 antigen, or development of opportunistic infections. "
06/25/2018 - "This study examined the relationship between KIR gene content and clinical outcomes including the control of opportunistic infections such as cytomegalovirus in the setting of human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-matched sibling HSCT in an Australian cohort. "
11/30/2023 - "Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is an opportunistic infection antigen in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. "
12/01/2021 - "Conventional laboratory tests, such as culture and microscopy, are not optimal; however, antigen (Ag) tests are rapid, highly sensitive, and specific for diagnosis of fungal opportunistic infections (OI). "
01/01/2016 - "Emerging data have shown that antigen-specific CD4 T-cell subsets manifest differential susceptibility to HIV, potentially leading to pathogen-specific immune failure and opportunistic infections. "

01/01/2021 - "We report a rare opportunistic infection with central nervous system involvement which can be cured by accurate diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic treatment."
08/01/2008 - "This report of two cases highlights the importance of examining the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotic and/or antifungal regimens in this patient population due to their increased risk of opportunistic infections. "
12/12/2022 - "It causes opportunistic infections by forming biofilms on medical devices, which are hard to control with conventional antibiotics. "
07/27/2022 - "This difficulty stems not only from the biological complexities of opportunistic infections designed to avoid the onslaught of both the host immune system as well as exogenous antibiotics, but also from changes in the host vasculature and the heterogeneity of infectious presentations. "
01/01/2022 - "However, there is a paucity of evidence regarding the incidence of opportunistic infections (OIs) and non-OIs and the role of prophylactic antibiotics in patients on SS/ISAs for irAEs. "

01/01/2009 - "Increasingly potent immunosuppressive agents have dramatically reduced the incidence of rejection of transplanted organs while increasing patients' susceptibility to opportunistic infections. "
01/01/2014 - "Advances in immunosuppressants for RT have improved the prevention and treatment of acute rejection as well as reduced the risk of chronic graft damage, but immunodeficiency may render patients vulnerable to opportunistic infections. "
01/01/2023 - "When new immunosuppressive agents, particularly biologic agents, are initiated for other diseases in addition to maintenance IMs, the following points need to be regarded: (1) pay attention to opportunistic infections even in the late phase of KT, and (2) maintain communication with other specialists who prescribe biologics to ensure appropriate administration of IMs."
01/01/2023 - "When considering small-molecule medications, physicians need to always remember to address potential interactions with ART, and when considering immunosuppressants, they need to be aware of potential risks for opportunistic infections. "
11/01/2022 - "An accurate diagnosis is imperative because overdiagnosis can lead to unnecessary treatment with immunosuppressive agents and raising the risk of opportunistic infections. "

01/01/2023 - "Conventional glucocorticoid (GC) treatment poses significant risks for opportunistic infections due to its suppressive impact on CD4+ T cells. "
01/01/2023 - "Conventional glucocorticoid (GC) treatment has a long-term influence on T-cell immunity, resulting in an increased risk of opportunistic infection after drug withdrawal. "
01/01/2018 - "Glucocorticoid treatment increases the risk of opportunistic infection. "
05/01/2013 - "Glucocorticoids promote opportunistic infections of the skin. "
09/01/2007 - "Therefore, it is possible that DFZ increases the risk of acquiring opportunistic infection compared with other synthetic glucocorticoids. "

11/01/2003 - "We conclude that CD4(+) cell function is more important than CD4(+) cell number in host defense against Pneumocystis in the rat and that this new model permits study of opportunistic infections in the rat without the confounding effects of corticosteroids."
01/01/2022 - "Topical corticosteroids are used to control the painful symptoms, causing a local immunosuppression and increasing the risk for opportunistic infections. "
01/01/2021 - "EEN avoids the potential adverse effects of recurrent corticosteroids for induction such as metabolic derangements and opportunistic infections. "
10/01/2020 - "Logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥60 years, corticosteroids, immunosuppressive and biological agents were risk factors for opportunistic infections in patients with IBD. "
05/31/2019 - "This case illustrates the profound immunosuppressive potential of GBM in conjunction with TMZ and corticosteroids, which can lead to high-morbidity opportunistic infections concurrently with tumour progression. "

05/08/2014 - "Notably, this dual regimen elicited large increases in both donor CD8(+) T and NK cells, but not CD4(+) T lymphocytes; the former 2 populations are essential for both vaccine efficacy and protection against opportunistic infections after HSCT. "
05/01/2011 - "Presentations at the 2011 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections reflected the resurging interest in antibody responses against HIV given the encouraging results of the Thai vaccine trial. "
04/01/2009 - "Several interesting new vaccine-related studies were presented at the 16th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections this year. "
11/30/2022 - "The terms belonged to four treatment groups: opportunistic infections, prophylactic screening, prophylactic vaccinations/treatment, and routine vaccines. "
01/01/2022 - "Due to continuous mutation, many of the approved vaccines are not much efficacious to render the individual immune against opportunistic infection of SARS-CoV-2 mutants. "

07/01/2021 - "As highly active antiretroviral therapies have advanced, HIV patients who are treatment-adherent can achieve undetectable viral loads, virtual elimination of opportunistic infection, improved quality of life, and normal life expectancy. "
01/01/2013 - "Highly active anti-retroviral therapy has reduced the frequencies of opportunistic infections and improved the remission duration in HIV patients. "
03/01/2010 - "While these antibody therapies dramatically reduced the incidence of acute rejection episodes and improved both short and long-term graft survival, they are also associated with an increased incidence of opportunistic infections and neoplastic complications. "
04/01/1999 - "Although there are still unresolved questions about the completeness of the immune recovery, most available evidence suggests in most patients the degree of immune reconstitution with effective antiretroviral therapy is sufficient to be protective against most opportunistic infections, and ultimately additional antimicrobial prophylaxis will be unnecessary."
11/03/1999 - "The study demonstrates that immune recovery following potent antiretroviral therapy is effective in controlling a major opportunistic infection, even in patients with a history of severe immunosuppression."

01/01/2005 - "A marked decrease in incidence has been observed for most central nervous system (CNS) opportunistic infections (OIs) after the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in developed countries. "
01/01/2015 - "Because highly active antiretroviral therapy has reduced incidence of opportunistic infections, it is important to reassess the efficacy of BMAB for this diagnostic purpose. "
07/01/2011 - "The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been associated with a marked decrease in the prevalence of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected patients. "
06/01/2004 - "In industrialised countries, the use of Highly Active AntiRetroviral Therapy (HAART) results to be effective in suppressing the HIV viral load, with a quantitative and qualitative improvement in the CD4+ T-cell count followed by a strong reduction of opportunistic infections including those caused by parasites. "
05/01/2004 - "However, the introduction in 1996 of highly active antiretroviral therapy as a standard of care for those infected with HIV-1 determined a strong protection against the development of opportunistic infections, as well as a remission of pre-existing complications, including KS. "

08/01/2017 - "Introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) decreased risks of opportunistic infections and improved overall survival. "
02/01/2022 - "With the introduction of antiretroviral therapies (ART), improved survival has changed the focus of treatment management from immunodeficiency-related opportunistic infections to chronic cardiovascular complications, including HIV-PAH. "
04/01/2014 - "In today's era of antiretroviral therapy (ART), the mortality of HIV patients has greatly reduced due to improved immune function and fewer opportunistic infections. "
12/01/2010 - "The estimation of CD4+ T cell counts is used to decide the initiation of anti retroviral therapy (ART), to monitor the efficacy of ART and to start treatment for opportunistic infections (OIs). "
01/01/2023 - "Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of opportunistic infections among HIV-infected adults receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) at the comprehensive specialized hospital affiliated with the University of Gondar.Methods"

10/15/1995 - "Two patients maintained a complete remission 3 years after six cycles of chemotherapy, whereas one died of an early opportunistic infection. "
01/01/1993 - "They all went into complete remission and did not suffer from major opportunistic infections during chemotherapy. "
12/01/1996 - "The clinical trials, ACTG 175 and Delta I/II, show that combination antiretroviral drug therapy is more effective than monotherapy at retarding opportunistic infections in HIV-positive persons who are AZT-naive. "
01/01/2005 - "Patients with aggressive histology HIV-related NHL who were previously untreated with chemotherapy, and who had no active opportunistic infection were eligible for the study. "
01/01/2023 - "However, these patients are at a high risk for emergencies post-transplant, related to prior comorbidities and treatments for the underlying disease, high dose chemotherapy regimen related toxicities, prolonged myelosuppression, and opportunistic infections due to their immunocompromised state. "

10/01/2011 - "Co-morbid opportunistic infections, profound host immunosuppression early after transplantation, and potential risk of multi-drug resistant-TB may act as major barriers to effective treatment of TB after HSCT despite appropriate anti-TB medication."
07/01/1999 - "The patient achieved a sustained molecular remission after transplantation, but died from opportunistic infection 4 months after transplantation. "
10/04/2023 - "Although initial data in HCV-discordant transplantation did not find an increased risk for opportunistic infections, more recent studies have shown that such risk may be present. "
07/01/2019 - "This study highlights the ongoing risk of opportunistic infection several years after transplantation and adds weight to potential person-to-person Pneumocystis jirovecii transmission. "
12/01/1990 - "The findings clearly reflect the marked immunodeficiency in the early post-transplantation period, during which many patients (4/7 in this study) die of opportunistic infections, and are in line with the fact that the earliest signs of reconstitution of the immune system have been found to occur at three months post-transplantation. "