Background Despite inherent differences between the cytoskeletal networks of malignant and normal cells, and the clinical
antineoplastic activity of microtubule-directed agents, there has yet to be a microfilament-directed agent approved for clinical use. One of the most studied microfilament-directed agents has been
cytochalasin B, a mycogenic toxin known to disrupt the formation of actin
polymers. Therefore, this study sought to expand on our previous work with the microfilament-directed agent, along with other less studied cytochalasin congeners. Materials and Methods We determined whether
cytochalasin B exerted significant cytotoxic effects in vitro on adherent M109 lung
carcinoma and B16BL6 and B16F10 murine
melanomas, or on
suspension P388/ADR murine
leukemia cells. We also examined whether
cytochalasin B, its reduced congener 21, 22-dihydrocytochalasin B (DiHCB), or
cytochalasin D could synergize with
doxorubicin (ADR) against ADR-resistant P388/ADR
leukemia cells, and produce significant cytotoxicity in vitro. For in vivo characterization,
cytochalasins B and D were administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) to Balb/c mice challenged with
drug sensitive P388-S or multidrug resistant P388/ADR
leukemias. Results
Cytochalasin B demonstrated higher cytotoxicity against adherent lung
carcinoma and
melanoma cells than against
suspension P388/ADR
leukemia cells, as assessed by comparative effects on cell growth, and IC₅₀ and IC₈₀ values. Isobolographic analysis indicated that both
cytochalasin B and DiHCB demonstrate considerable
drug synergy with ADR against ADR-resistant P388/ADR
leukemia, while
cytochalasin D exhibits only additivity with ADR against the same cell line. In vivo,
cytochalasins B and D substantially increased the life expectancy of mice challenged with P388/S and P388/ADR
leukemias, and in some cases, produced long-term survival. Conclusion Taken together, it appears that
cytochalasins have unique
antineoplastic activity that could potentiate a novel class of chemotherapeutic agents.