Physical exercise ameliorates the reduction of neural stem cell, cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in senescent mice induced by D-galactose.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Aging negatively affects adult hippocampal neurogenesis, and exercise attenuates the age-related reduction in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. In the present study, we used senescent mice induced by D-galactose to examine neural stem cells, cell proliferation, and neuronal differentiation with or without exercise treatment. D-galactose (100 mg/kg) was injected to six-week-old C57BL/6 J mice for 6 weeks to induce the senescent model. During these periods, the animals were placed on a treadmill and acclimated to exercise for 1 week. Then treadmill running was conducted for 1 h/day for 5 consecutive days at 10-12 m/min for 5 weeks.

RESULTS:

Body weight and food intake did not change significantly after D-galactose administration with/without treadmill exercise, although body weight and food intake was highest after treadmill exercise in adult animals and lowest after treadmill exercise in D-galactose-induced senescent model animals. D-galactose treatment significantly decreased the number of nestin (a neural stem cell marker), Ki67 (a cell proliferation marker), and doublecortin (DCX, a differentiating neuroblast marker) positive cells compared to those in the control group. In contrast, treadmill exercise significantly increased Ki67- and DCX-positive cell numbers in both the vehicle- and D-galactose treated groups. In addition, phosphorylated cAMP-response element binding protein (pCREB) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was significantly decreased in the D-galactose treated group, whereas exercise increased their expression in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in both the vehicle- and D-galactose-treated groups.

CONCLUSION:

These results suggest that treadmill exercise attenuates the D-galactose-induced reduction in neural stem cells, cell proliferation, and neuronal differentiation by enhancing the expression of pCREB and BDNF in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus.

• Authors: Sung Min Nam, Jong Whi Kim, Dae Young Yoo, Hee Sun Yim, Dae Won Kim, Jung Hoon Choi, Woosuk Kim, Hyo Young Jung, Moo-Ho Won, In Koo Hwang, Je Kyung Seong, Yeo Sung Yoon
• Journal: BMC neuroscience (BMC Neurosci) Vol. 15 Pg. 116 (Oct 31 2014) ISSN: 1471-2202 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 25359614 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
• Creb1 protein, mouse
• Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein
• Dcx protein, mouse
• Doublecortin Domain Proteins
• Doublecortin Protein
• Ki-67 Antigen
• Microtubule-Associated Proteins
• Nes protein, mouse
• Nestin
• Neuropeptides
• Galactose

Topics

• Aging (physiology)
• Animals
• Body Weight
• Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (metabolism)
• Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein (metabolism)
• Dentate Gyrus (physiology)
• Doublecortin Domain Proteins
• Doublecortin Protein
• Eating
• Galactose
• Ki-67 Antigen (metabolism)
• Male
• Mice, Inbred C57BL
• Microtubule-Associated Proteins (metabolism)
• Motor Activity (physiology)
• Nestin (metabolism)
• Neural Stem Cells (physiology)
• Neurogenesis (physiology)
• Neuropeptides (metabolism)
• Phosphorylation