Selegiline (
L-deprenyl) is a selective, irreversible inhibitor of
monoamine oxidase B (
MAO-B) at the conventional dose (10 mg/day oral) that is used in the treatment of
Parkinson's disease. However, controlled studies have demonstrated
antidepressant activity for high doses of oral
selegiline and for transdermal
selegiline suggesting that when plasma levels of
selegiline are elevated, brain
MAO-A might also be inhibited. Zydis
selegiline (
Zelapar) is an orally disintegrating formulation of
selegiline, which is absorbed through the buccal mucosa producing higher plasma levels of
selegiline and reduced
amphetamine metabolites compared with equal doses of conventional
selegiline. Although there is indirect evidence that Zydis
selegiline at high doses loses its selectivity for
MAO-B, there is no direct evidence that it also inhibits brain
MAO-A in humans. We measured brain
MAO-A in 18 healthy men after a 28-day treatment with Zydis
selegiline (2.5, 5.0, or 10 mg/day) and in 3 subjects receiving the
selegiline transdermal system (
Emsam patch, 6 mg/day) using positron emission tomography and the
MAO-A radiotracer [(11)C]
clorgyline. We also measured
dopamine transporter (DAT) availability in three subjects from the 10 mg group. The 10 mg Zydis
selegiline dose significantly inhibited
MAO-A (36.9±19.7%, range 11-70%, p<0.007)) but not DAT; and while
Emsam also inhibited
MAO-A (33.2±28.9 (range 9-68%) the difference did not reach significance (p=0.10)) presumably because of the small sample size. Our results provide the first direct evidence of brain
MAO-A inhibition in humans by formulations of
selegiline, which are currently postulated but not verified to target brain
MAO-A in addition to
MAO-B.