Spontaneous resolution of post-transplant localized cytomegalovirus lymphadenitis mimicking tumor recurrence.

Abstract

Compromised T-cell immunity persists for up to 1 year after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), and patients treated with ASCT are more likely to develop atypical lymphoid hyperplasia that mimics tumor recurrence. Here, we present a case of cervical lymphadenitis due to cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation in a patient who had undergone ASCT for Burkitt lymphoma, which mimicked tumor recurrence on computed tomography and positron emission tomography-computed tomography 6 months after ASCT. This lesion was confined to the regional lymph nodes and was not accompanied by signs of systemic involvement, such as fever, splenomegaly, an elevated C-reactive protein level, or viremia. The localized CMV lymphadenitis resolved spontaneously without treatment after 6 months (12 months after ASCT) and the elevated CMV immunoglobulin-M titer normalized 6 months after resolution. Our experience with this case suggests that cautious follow-up without anti-CMV treatment should be considered in cases of post-ASCT localized CMV lymphadenitis without systemic involvement in patients with complete engraftment.

• Authors: K W Kang, J H Lee, J S Choi, S R Lee, Y Park, B S Kim, I Kim
• Journal: Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society (Transpl Infect Dis) Vol. 16 Issue 4 Pg. 676-80 (Aug 2014) ISSN: 1399-3062 [Electronic] Denmark
• PMID: 24965019 (Publication Type: Case Reports, Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: © 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Topics

• Adult
• Burkitt Lymphoma
• Cytomegalovirus Infections (pathology)
• Humans
• Lymphadenitis (pathology, virology)
• Male
• Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
• Stem Cell Transplantation (adverse effects)