Genetic and molecular evidence that the Pseudomonas syringae type III effector protein AvrRpt2 is a cysteine protease.

Abstract	Upon delivery to the plant cell during infection, the Pseudomonas syringae effector protein AvrRpt2 undergoes proteolytic processing, enhances pathogen virulence and causes the elimination of the Arabidopsis RIN4 protein. A structure-prediction method was employed in order to investigate possible biochemical functions of AvrRpt2. Results of a secondary structure prediction algorithm suggest that the functional C-terminal portion of AvrRpt2 is a cysteine protease. Mutation of predicted catalytic residues within this portion of AvrRpt2 abolished in planta processing, elimination of Arabidopsis RIN4, and the ability to trigger an RPS2-specific resistance response. These data indicate that AvrRpt2 is most likely a sequence divergent cysteine protease whose activity is required for elimination of RIN4 during infection.
Authors	Michael J Axtell, Stephen T Chisholm, Douglas Dahlbeck, Brian J Staskawicz
Journal	Molecular microbiology (Mol Microbiol) Vol. 49 Issue 6 Pg. 1537-46 (Sep 2003) ISSN: 0950-382X [Print] England
PMID	12950919 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.)
Chemical References	Arabidopsis Proteins Bacterial Proteins Carrier Proteins DNA, Bacterial Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins RIN4 protein, Arabidopsis RPS2 protein, Arabidopsis avrRpt2 protein, Pseudomonas syringae Cysteine Endopeptidases
Topics	Amino Acid Sequence Arabidopsis (immunology, metabolism, microbiology) Arabidopsis Proteins (metabolism) Bacterial Proteins (chemistry, genetics, metabolism) Carrier Proteins (metabolism) Catalytic Domain Cysteine Endopeptidases (chemistry, genetics, metabolism) DNA, Bacterial (genetics) Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel Gene Expression Immunoblotting Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins Molecular Sequence Data Mutagenesis, Site-Directed Protein Structure, Secondary Pseudomonas (enzymology, genetics, pathogenicity) Structural Homology, Protein Transformation, Bacterial (genetics)

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