Involvement of estrogen receptor beta in terminal differentiation of mammary gland epithelium.

Abstract

The mammary glands of prepubertal estrogen receptor (ER)beta-- mice are morphologically indistinguishable from those of WT littermates. It appears that, although ERbeta is expressed in the mouse mammary gland, it is not involved in ductal growth of the gland. In this study, we examined the possibility that ERbeta has a role in the differentiated function of the mammary gland. Pregnancy is rare in ERbeta-- mice, but an intensive breeding program produced seven pregnant ERbeta-- mice, of which five did not eat their offspring and continued to successful lactation. Histomorphological comparison of lactating glands revealed that alveoli were larger and there was less secretory epithelium in ERbeta-- than in WT mice. Ultrastructural analysis showed abundant milk droplets and normal apical villi in the luminal epithelial cells, but the extracellular matrix and lamina basalis were reduced, and very frequently the interepithelial cell space was increased. Levels of the adhesion molecules, E-cadherin, connexin 32, occludin, and integrin alpha2 were reduced, and no zona occludens was detectable. In addition, there was widespread expression of the proliferation marker, Ki-67, in luminal epithelial cells in ERbeta-- but not in WT mice. These findings suggest a role for ERbeta in organization and adhesion of epithelial cells and hence for differentiated tissue morphology. We speculate that, because a reduced risk for breast cancer is conferred on women who breast-feed at an early age, ERbeta could contribute to this risk reduction by facilitating terminal differentiation of the mammary gland.

• Authors: Carola Förster, Sari Mäkela, Anni Wärri, Silke Kietz, David Becker, Kjell Hultenby, Margaret Warner, Jan-Ake Gustafsson
• Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A) Vol. 99 Issue 24 Pg. 15578-83 (Nov 26 2002) ISSN: 0027-8424 [Print] United States
• PMID: 12438700 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Cadherins
• Estrogen Receptor beta
• Integrin alpha2
• Integrin alpha6
• Receptors, Estrogen

Topics

• Animals
• Cadherins (analysis)
• Cell Differentiation
• Cell Polarity
• Epithelial Cells (cytology, metabolism)
• Estrogen Receptor beta
• Female
• Fertility
• Gap Junctions (ultrastructure)
• Integrin alpha2 (analysis)
• Integrin alpha6 (analysis)
• Lactation
• Mammary Glands, Animal (cytology, growth & development)
• Mice
• Mice, Knockout
• Pregnancy
• Receptors, Estrogen (deficiency, genetics, physiology)
• Tight Junctions (ultrastructure)