Hyperthyroidism is treated either by
antithyroid drugs, radioiodine (I131) or surgery. In Sweden, surgery is often performed in patients with large
goiter or severe
hyperthyroidism with infiltrative endocrine ophthalmopathy. To evaluate indications and results of surgical treatment, data from 380 patients operated on for
hyperthyroidism at our department during 1986-1995 were analyzed. Twenty-six percent were referred for surgery because of failure of treatment with
antithyroid drugs or I131. Ninety-one percent were subjected to subtotal
thyroidectomy with a median remnant weight of less than 2 g. In the remaining patients, total
thyroidectomy was performed. Transient vocal cord affection occurred in 2.6%, none of which was permanent. Prolonged postoperative
hypocalcemia occurred in 3.1%, and permanent
hypoparathyroidism in 1%. There was no difference in complication rate between subtotal or total
thyroidectomy. In patients with
Graves' disease, 5% worsened with regard to ophthalmopathy initially after surgery but later improved. Recurrent disease occurred in 2% of the patients, all of whom had undergone subtotal
thyroidectomy. Surgery is not first-line
therapy in all patients with
hyperthyroidism. However, in experienced hands, surgery is a good therapeutic alternative that can be carried out with no mortality, few complications, and, provided that a minimal remnant is left, very few recurrences.