DKK1 is epigenetically downregulated by promoter methylation and inhibits bile acid-induced gastric intestinal metaplasia.

Abstract

Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) is essential to gastric cancer as an inhibitor of Wnt signaling. Gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) is an important precancerous lesion of gastric cancer that can be activated by bile acid reflux and chronic inflammation. However, the exact mechanism of DKK1 in bile acid-induced GIM has not been completely elucidated. We aimed to explore the epigenetic alterations and biological functions of DKK1 in the development of GIM. In the present study, bile acid was found to induce the expression of intestinal markers in gastric epithelial cells, whereas DKK1 was downregulated in response to bile acid stimulation. The mRNA and protein expression levels of DKK1 were decreased in GIM tissues as evidenced by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining. Surprisingly, the methylation of the DKK1 promoter increased in GIM tissues, and we discovered 28 differential methylation sites of the DKK1 promoter in GIM tissues. Bile acid was able to induce the partial methylation of the DKK1 promoter, while 5-aza could increase DKK1 expression as well as decrease intestinal markers expression in gastric epithelial cells. In conclusion, the promoter methylation and downregulation of DKK1 might play important roles in the development of GIM, especially bile acid-induced GIM.

• Authors: Wenquan Lu, Zhen Ni, Mingfu Tong, Shuqin Jiang, Jian Zhang, Chenchen Feng, Chuan Han, Ting Yuan, Na Wang, Jing Zhao, Nina Sun, Caifang Liu, Qiaoyu Jia, Qiong Wu, Hanbing Ning, Yongquan Shi
• Journal: Biochemical and biophysical research communications (Biochem Biophys Res Commun) Vol. 523 Issue 3 Pg. 780-786 (03 12 2020) ISSN: 1090-2104 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 31952791 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Bile Acids and Salts
• DKK1 protein, human
• Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins

Topics

• Bile Acids and Salts (metabolism)
• Cell Line, Tumor
• DNA Methylation
• Down-Regulation
• Epigenesis, Genetic
• Humans
• Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins (genetics)
• Metaplasia (genetics, metabolism, pathology)
• Precancerous Conditions (genetics, metabolism, pathology)
• Promoter Regions, Genetic
• Stomach (pathology)
• Stomach Neoplasms (genetics, metabolism, pathology)