Severe periodontitis is linked with increased peripheral levels of sTWEAK and PTX3 in chronic migraineurs.

Abstract

OBJECTIVES:

Periodontitis (PD) and chronic migraine (CM) have been recently linked, and inflammatory processes and vascular endothelial changes are hypothesized as potential mediators of this relationship. The aim of this cross-sectional analysis was to investigate the potential association of PD with vascular systemic inflammation and complement activation in patients with CM.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Ninety-four chronic migraineurs underwent a full-mouth periodontal evaluation and a measure of PD activity and severity, namely the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) was calculated for each patient. We divided CM patients according to their periodontal status: mild PD (N = 14), moderate PD (N = 22), severe PD (N = 19), and non-PD (N = 39). Serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), pentraxin 3 (PTX3), soluble tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (sTWEAK), and complements C3 and C4 were measured outside of migraine attacks.

RESULTS:

We found that severe periodontal patients had significantly higher circulating levels of PTX3 and sTWEAK compared with those without PD (2475.3 ± 1646.8 pg/mL vs. 516.6 ± 1193.8 pg/mL, P < 0.0001 and 672.4 ± 118.2 pg/mL vs. 485.7 ± 112.2 pg/mL, P < 0.0001; respectively). For the remaining biomarkers, no significant differences were found between groups. Severe PD was independently associated with higher levels of PTX3 (β = 1997.6, P < 0.0001) and sTWEAK (β = 187.1, P < 0.0001) but not with CRP, C3, and C4. PISA positively correlated to PTX3 (r = 0.475, P < 0.0001) and sTWEAK (r = 0.386, P < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Based on these preliminary results, severe PD was linked with vascular systemic inflammation in patients with CM. However, further longitudinal studies should be performed to confirm these findings.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE:

sTWEAK and PTX3 measured in serum could be used as biomarkers in the PD-CM link.

• Authors: Yago Leira, Pablo Ameijeira, Clara Domínguez, Esteban López-Arias, Paulo Ávila-Gómez, María Pérez-Mato, Tomás Sobrino, Francisco Campos, Francesco D'Aiuto, Rogelio Leira, Juan Blanco
• Journal: Clinical oral investigations (Clin Oral Investig) Vol. 24 Issue 2 Pg. 597-606 (Feb 2020) ISSN: 1436-3771 [Electronic] Germany
• PMID: 31111284 (Publication Type: Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Biomarkers
• Cytokine TWEAK
• Serum Amyloid P-Component
• TNFSF12 protein, human
• PTX3 protein
• C-Reactive Protein

Topics

• Biomarkers
• C-Reactive Protein (analysis)
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Cytokine TWEAK (blood)
• Humans
• Periodontitis
• Serum Amyloid P-Component (analysis)