Ataxia is one of the most devastating symptoms of many
neurodegenerative disorders. As of today, there is not any effective treatment to retard its progression. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown promise in treating
neurodegenerative diseases. We hereby report the results of a phase I/IIa clinical study conducted in Taiwan to primarily evaluate the safety, tolerability, and, secondarily, the possible efficacy of
intravenous administration of allogeneic adipose tissue-derived MSCs from healthy donors. Six patients with
spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 and one with
multiple system atrophy-cerebellar type were included in this open-label study with
intravenous administration of 106 cells/kg
body weight. The subjects were closely monitored for 1 year for safety (vital signs, complete blood counts, serum biochemical profiles, and urinalysis) and possible efficacy (scale for assessment and rating of
ataxia and sensory organization testing scores, metabolite ratios on the brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and brain
glucose metabolism of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose using positron emission tomography). No adverse events related to the injection of MSCs during the 1-year follow-up were observed. The
intravenous administration of allogeneic MSCs seemed well tolerated. Upon study completion, all patients wished to continue treatment with the allogeneic MSCs. We conclude that allogeneic MSCs given by
intravenous injection seems to be safe and tolerable in patients with
spinocerebellar ataxia type 3, thus supporting advancement of the clinical development of allogeneic MSCs for the treatment of
spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II trials.