Genetics of Substance Use Disorders.

Abstract

Substance abuse disorders have a strong genetic component. Genetic risk factors associated with alcohol abuse include common variants in genes coding for alcohol-metabolizing enzymes and gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptors. Functional missense mutations in ADH1B and ALDH2 are protective against alcohol dependence. Nicotine use disorders are associated with polymorphisms in a cluster of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on chromosome 15q24, and mutations that reduce the enzymatic activity of CYP2A6. Genetic risk factors for other illicit drug use have not been well-studied. Most genetic vulnerability toward substance use disorders remains unexplained. Future research will benefit from advanced whole-genome sequencing technologies.

• Authors: Cassie Yu, Jon McClellan
• Journal: Child and adolescent psychiatric clinics of North America (Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am) Vol. 25 Issue 3 Pg. 377-85 (07 2016) ISSN: 1558-0490 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 27338962 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Review)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Receptors, Nicotinic
• CYP2A6 protein, human
• Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6
• Aldehyde Dehydrogenase

Topics

• Adolescent
• Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (genetics)
• Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6 (genetics)
• Female
• Genetic Linkage (genetics)
• Genome-Wide Association Study
• Humans
• Male
• Mutation, Missense (genetics)
• Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
• Receptors, Nicotinic (genetics)
• Substance-Related Disorders (genetics)
• Twin Studies as Topic