Carnosine attenuates early brain injury through its antioxidative and anti-apoptotic effects in a rat experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage model.

Abstract

Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) has been demonstrated to provide antioxidative and anti-apoptotic roles in the animal of ischemic brain injuries and neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to examine whether carnosine prevents subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)-induced early brain injury (EBI) in rats. We found that intraperitoneal administration of carnosine improved neurobehavioral deficits, attenuated brain edema and blood-brain barrier permeability, and decreased reactive oxygen species level at 48 h following SAH in rat models. Carnosine treatment increased tissue copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) enzymatic activities, and reduced post-SAH elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHDG), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in rats. Furthermore, carnosine treatment attenuated SAH-induced microglia activation and cortical neuron apoptosis. These results indicated that administration of carnosine may provide neuroprotection in EBI following SAH in rat models.

• Authors: Zong-yong Zhang, Bao-liang Sun, Ming-feng Yang, Da-wei Li, Jie Fang, Shuai Zhang
• Journal: Cellular and molecular neurobiology (Cell Mol Neurobiol) Vol. 35 Issue 2 Pg. 147-57 (Mar 2015) ISSN: 1573-6830 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 25179154 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Antigens, Nuclear
• Antioxidants
• Cytokines
• Lipids
• Nerve Tissue Proteins
• Rbfox3 protein, rat
• Reactive Oxygen Species
• Carnosine
• DNA
• Glutathione Peroxidase
• Superoxide Dismutase
• Caspase 3

Topics

• Animals
• Antigens, Nuclear (metabolism)
• Antioxidants (pharmacology, therapeutic use)
• Apoptosis (drug effects)
• Behavior, Animal
• Blood-Brain Barrier (drug effects, pathology)
• Brain Edema (complications, drug therapy, pathology)
• Brain Injuries (complications, drug therapy, pathology)
• Carnosine (pharmacology, therapeutic use)
• Caspase 3 (metabolism)
• Cerebral Cortex (drug effects, pathology)
• Cytokines (metabolism)
• DNA (metabolism)
• Disease Models, Animal
• Fluorescent Antibody Technique
• Glutathione Peroxidase (metabolism)
• In Situ Nick-End Labeling
• Lipids (chemistry)
• Male
• Microglia (drug effects, pathology)
• Nerve Tissue Proteins (metabolism)
• Oxidation-Reduction (drug effects)
• Permeability (drug effects)
• Rats, Sprague-Dawley
• Reactive Oxygen Species (metabolism)
• Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (complications, drug therapy, pathology)
• Superoxide Dismutase (metabolism)