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Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage)

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Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.

Also Known As:

Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage; SAH (Subarachnoid Hemorrhage); Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Intracranial; Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhages; Hemorrhage, Aneurysmal Subarachnoid; Hemorrhage, Intracranial Subarachnoid; Hemorrhage, Perinatal Subarachnoid; Hemorrhage, Spontaneous Subarachnoid; Hemorrhages, Aneurysmal Subarachnoid; Hemorrhages, Intracranial Subarachnoid; Hemorrhages, Perinatal Subarachnoid; Hemorrhages, Spontaneous Subarachnoid; Hemorrhages, Subarachnoid; Intracranial Subarachnoid Hemorrhage; Intracranial Subarachnoid Hemorrhages; Perinatal Subarachnoid Hemorrhages; SAHs (Subarachnoid Hemorrhage); Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage; Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhages; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Perinatal; Subarachnoid Hemorrhages; Subarachnoid Hemorrhages, Aneurysmal; Subarachnoid Hemorrhages, Intracranial; Subarachnoid Hemorrhages, Perinatal; Subarachnoid Hemorrhages, Spontaneous; Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid; Perinatal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Aneurysmal; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Spontaneous

Networked: 2518 relevant articles (119 outcomes, 374 trials/studies) for this Disease, Comments

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Intracranial Vasospasm
2.	Stroke (Strokes)
3.	Brain Injuries (Brain Injury)
4.	Aneurysm (Aneurysms)
5.	Intracranial Aneurysm (Cerebral Aneurysm)

Experts

1.	Connolly, E Sander: 29 articles (07/2010 - 01/2002)
2.	Mayer, Stephan A: 28 articles (07/2010 - 01/2002)
3.	Zhang, John H: 25 articles (08/2010 - 02/2002)
4.	Kwan, Aij-Lie: 16 articles (08/2010 - 02/2002)
5.	Lin, Chih-Lung: 16 articles (05/2010 - 02/2002)
6.	Macdonald, R Loch: 15 articles (01/2010 - 05/2002)
7.	Tamargo, Rafael J: 14 articles (09/2010 - 06/2002)
8.	Kassell, Neal F: 13 articles (03/2009 - 09/2002)
9.	Dumont, Aaron S: 12 articles (12/2009 - 09/2005)
10.	Zhang, J H: 12 articles (01/2008 - 01/2000)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Subarachnoid Hemorrhage:

1.	Nimodipine (Modus)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/1988 - "Nimodipine treatment was associated with a significantly better outcome (p less than 0.001): 21 (29.2%) of 72 nimodipine-treated patients had a good outcome at 3 months after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) compared to eight (9.8%) of 82 placebo-treated patients. " 03/01/2009 - "In subarachnoid hemorrhage nimodipine was found effective in preventing vasospasm and thus secondary ischemic cerebral damage. " 06/01/2004 - "CONCLUSION: Intra-arterial nimodipine is effective and safe for the treatment of symptomatic vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. " 06/01/2008 - "BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The efficacy of intra-arterial administration of nimodipine (IAN) in patients with severe vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) remains unproved. " 01/01/2006 - "OBJECT: The efficacy of nimodipine was examined in a murine model of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Tissue Plasminogen Activator (Alteplase)FDA Link 11/01/2004 - "The efficacy of intraoperative cisternal irrigation using tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) combined with continuous cisternal drainage was assessed for the prevention of symptomatic vasospasm in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). " 06/01/1992 - "Single intracisternal bolus of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: preliminary assessment of efficacy and safety in an open clinical study." 08/01/1991 - "Phase I trial of tissue plasminogen activator for the prevention of vasospasm in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage." 06/01/1991 - "In this study, we investigated the ability of a single bolus injection of tissue plasminogen activator to prevent platelet accumulation in cerebral vessels after subarachnoid hemorrhage. " 11/01/2004 - "Prevention of symptomatic vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage by intraoperative cisternal fibrinolysis using tissue-type plasminogen activator combined with continuous cisternal drainage." Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	tirilazadIBA 06/01/1999 - "OBJECT: To test the safety and efficacy of high-dose (15 mg/kg/day) tirilazad mesylate in women suffering from aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), a prospective randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled trial (parallel to the one conducted in Europe, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa) was performed at 65 North American neurosurgical centers. " 10/01/1997 - "These results suggest that gender differences do not significantly effect the blood-brain barrier protective efficacy of tirilazad following subarachnoid hemorrhage in the rat." 10/01/1997 - "The purpose of the present study was to compare the efficacy of tirilazad in attenuating early post-subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced blood-brain barrier damage in the rat, a species in which single-dose metabolism of the drug is comparable between males and females. " 03/01/1997 - "To test the safety and efficacy of tirilazad mesylate, a nonglucocorticoid 21-aminosteroid, in improving the outcome of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), 902 patients were enrolled in a prospective randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled trial at 54 North American neurosurgical centers. " 07/01/2006 - "METHODS: We analyzed data from 1355 subarachnoid hemorrhage patients in the placebo arm of four randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies of tirilazad. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	PapaverineIBA 01/01/1995 - "CONCLUSIONS: Papaverine was effective in dilating narrowed arteries in most patients with symptomatic vasospasm caused by subarachnoid hemorrhage. " 02/01/2001 - "BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: It remains controversial whether the intra-arterial administration of papaverine (IAP) is effective in reversing vasospasm-associated cerebral hypoperfusion after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. " 04/01/1998 - "We described the techniques and efficacy of intra-arterial papaverine hydrochloride infusion (IA-PAP) for symptomatic vasospasm due to aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage based on our experience and review of the literature. " 11/01/1995 - "This study examined the relationship between papaverine-sensitive and -insensitive components of vasospasm, arterial contractility and compliance, and time after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in dogs. " 09/01/2007 - "OBJECTIVES: Papaverine has been used in treating vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Nicardipine (Dagan)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2009 - "Although intraarterial nicardipine appears to be promising in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, well-designed studies are needed in this setting before its use can be routinely recommended." 01/01/1989 - "The efficacy of intravenous nicardipine in the prevention of vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage has been investigated in a dose escalation study in 67 patients admitted within 1 week of subarachnoid hemorrhage. " 05/01/1994 - "A randomized trial of two doses of nicardipine in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. " 04/01/1993 - "A randomized trial of nicardipine in subarachnoid hemorrhage: angiographic and transcranial Doppler ultrasound results. " 03/01/1988 - "Dose-escalation study of intravenous nicardipine in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage." Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	glucuronyl glucosamine glycan sulfate (Vessel)IBA 04/01/2001 - "The aim of this study was to identify whether interrupted and uninterrupted vessel occlusion differs with regard to changes in brain tissue and cerebral hemodynamics after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). " 05/01/1998 - "To test the ability of these indices to evaluate a decrease in vessel diameter, signals from 41 sites on 23 arteries were obtained from patients who underwent both TCD and angiographic studies on two separate occasions after the occurrence of subarachnoid hemorrhage. " 02/01/2010 - "A subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) associated with negative finding on four-vessel angiography is seen in 5 to 30% of patients with intracranial SAH. " 06/01/2008 - "CONCLUSION: According to our results, it seems to be the possible that temporary vessel occlusion is an additional factor in aggravating vasospasm after aneurysmatic subarachnoid hemorrhage." 01/01/2008 - "PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of multidetector-row CT angiography (CTA) for the diagnosis of large-vessel vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage by comparison to digital subtraction angiography (DSA). " Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	Endothelin Receptors (Endothelin Receptor)IBA 12/01/2008 - "[An experimental study of endothelin receptor A expression in brain tissue after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rabbits]" 10/01/2009 - "Do endothelin-receptor antagonists prevent delayed neurological deficits and poor outcomes after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage?: a meta-analysis." 12/01/2008 - "OBJECTIVE: To discuss the relationship between the expression of endothelin receptor A (ETRA) in brain tissue and delayed neurological deficit (DND) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). " 05/01/2003 - "Subarachnoid hemorrhage enhances endothelin receptor expression and function in rat cerebral arteries." 01/01/1994 - "Reversal of subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced vasoconstriction with an endothelin receptor antagonist." Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	Calcitonin Gene-Related PeptideIBA 10/27/2000 - "We sought to determine whether adenovirus-mediated gene transfer in vivo of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a potent vasodilator, ameliorates cerebral vasoconstriction after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). " 11/01/1991 - "The authors propose that the marked decrease of calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity in the perivascular nerves, observed after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage, is due to compensatory secretion of the peptide." 10/27/2000 - "Gene transfer of calcitonin gene-related peptide prevents vasoconstriction after subarachnoid hemorrhage." 09/15/1995 - "The neuroprotective effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide following subarachnoid hemorrhage. " 09/01/1995 - "Effects of subarachnoid hemorrhage on vascular responses to calcitonin gene-related peptide and its related second messengers." Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	Nitroprusside (Sodium Nitroprusside)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/1980 - "Vasospasm produced by subarachnoid hemorrhage at normal intracranial pressure was partially relieved by nitroprusside. " 06/01/2003 - "Intraventricular sodium nitroprusside therapy: a future promise for refractory subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced vasospasm." 08/01/1992 - "However, the endothelium-independent response to sodium nitroprusside of the subarachnoid hemorrhage group did not differ from that of the control group. " 07/01/1998 - "Increased efficacy of sodium nitroprusside in middle cerebral arteries following acute subarachnoid hemorrhage: indications for its use after rupture." 05/01/2002 - "OBJECTIVE: Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was recently suggested as a treatment for cerebral ischemia in patients with severe, medically refractory vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	Magnesium Sulfate (Sulfate, Magnesium)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2010 - "BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Pilot clinical trials using magnesium sulfate in patients with acute aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage have reported trends toward improvement in clinical outcomes. " 04/01/2008 - "Intracisternal infusion of magnesium sulfate solution improved reduced cerebral blood flow induced by experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in the rat." 05/01/2010 - "Prophylactic intravenous magnesium sulfate for treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical study." 11/01/2009 - "Despite the publication of several randomized controlled studies, there is still much debate on whether magnesium sulfate improves outcome in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. " 07/01/2008 - "Re: Magnesium sulfate in the management of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-adapted trial (Muroi et al. Surg Neurol 2008;69:33-39)." Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Balloon Angioplasty (Angioplasty, Transluminal) 11/01/1989 - "The overall results of this series indicate that in selected cases percutaneous balloon angioplasty can offer marked improvement to patients with ischemic deficits due to vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage." 10/15/1998 - "Safety and efficacy of transluminal balloon angioplasty in the prevention of vasospasm in patients with Fisher Grade 3 subarachnoid hemorrhage: a pilot study." 05/01/1997 - "In this study the authors have examined the effects of transluminal angioplasty on cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the management of intractable vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). " 06/01/1995 - "Light and electron microscopy were used to study morphological changes in cerebral arteries after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) for vasospasm in two patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. " 01/01/2007 - "Perfusion CT to evaluate the effect of transluminal angioplasty on cerebral perfusion in the treatment of vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage." Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Hemodilution 07/01/2002 - "METHOD: Eight patients with transcranial Doppler verified vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage were investigated with global (two-dimensional (133)Xenon) and regional (three-dimensional (99 m)Tc-HMPAO) cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements, before and after 1/iso- and 2/hypervolemic hemodilution. " 12/01/1997 - "CONCLUSIONS: These data support a hypothesis that hemodilution decreases hypoperfusion and neuronal death after subarachnoid hemorrhage. " 12/01/1993 - "[Hypervolemic hemodilution therapy for clinical vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage]" 11/01/1990 - "Sustained increased cerebral blood flow with prophylactic hypertensive hypervolemic hemodilution ("triple-H" therapy) after subarachnoid hemorrhage." 11/01/1989 - "Hypervolemic hemodilution: a new approach to subarachnoid hemorrhage." Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Surgical Instruments (Clip) 12/01/2007 - "Evaluation of olfactory nerve function after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and clip occlusion." 11/01/2002 - "OBJECT: Neurosurgical clip application is the standard method used to prevent rebleeding in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). " 11/01/2002 - "Effectiveness of neurosurgical clip application in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage." 03/01/2008 - "METHODS: The authors calculate the life expectancy of patients following a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and compare the life expectancy of those who underwent coil embolization with those who underwent clip ligation in the ISAT cohort. " 11/01/2007 - "Among the clipped patient population, 100% of the patients had successful clip ligation as evidenced by intraoperative cerebral angiography, there was a 0% recurrence rate among the two patients who have had long-term follow-up, 0% recurrent subarachnoid hemorrhage, and 92% patients achieved a modified Glasgow Outcome Scale score of I to II. Among the coiled patient population, there was an 89% rate of successful embolization, 18% recurrence rate, 0% recurrent subarachnoid hemorrhage, and 64% achieved a modified Glasgow Outcome Scale score of I to II. None of the patients had clinically symptomatic vasospasm. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Spinal Injections 03/01/1979 - "[An experimental study on intrathecal injection of fibrinolytic agent for angiospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage in the dogs (author's transl)]" 06/01/1991 - "In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of postoperative intrathecal injections of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) in preventing cerebral vasospasm in cases with a diffuse severe subarachnoid hemorrhage. " 03/01/1993 - "The authors have evaluated the efficacy of postoperative intrathecal injections of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) in preventing cerebral vasospasm in patients with a diffuse thick subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). " 03/01/2000 - "In a previous study, we found that the CSF level of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) is elevated following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in patients who later develop communicating hydrocephalus, while in mice, an intrathecal injection of TGF-beta 1 can induce communicating hydrocephalus. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Thrombolytic Therapy 02/01/1994 - "Thrombolytic therapy in the study of subarachnoid hemorrhage is under active investigation." 02/01/1989 - "Intrathecal fibrinolytic therapy after subarachnoid hemorrhage: dosage study in a primate model and review of the literature." 08/01/1997 - "OBJECTIVE: Intrathecal fibrinolytic therapy has been used as one of the anticerebral vasospasm (VS) preventative therapies in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). " 02/01/1994 - "The authors report the results of a retrospective review, between January 1986 and December 1991, of the results of early surgery and intrathecal thrombolytic therapy in 111 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. " 08/01/1991 - "Effect of intrathecal fibrinolytic therapy on clot lysis and vasospasm in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage." Order ALL the reference details at left...

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