Stressors contribute to
thrombosis and
insulin resistance. Since
obesity-related adipose
inflammation is also involved in these pathological states, we assumed that stress correlates with adipose
inflammation. Male mice were subjected to 2-week intermittent restraint stress. Expression of plasma
lipids, monocyte/macrophage markers (CD11b, CD68, and F4/80), proinflammatory
cytokines (
monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1],
tumor necrosis factor-α, and
interleukin-6),
adiponectin,
heat shock protein 70.1 (
HSP70.1), and
coagulation factors (
plasminogen activation inhibitor-1 [PAI-1] and
tissue factor [TF]) in blood and inguinal white adipose tissue (WAT) was determined using immunohistochemistry,
enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay, and RT-PCR, respectively.
Glucose metabolism was assessed by
glucose tolerance tests (GTTs) and
insulin tolerance tests, and expression of
insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and
glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in WAT. To examine effects of MCP-1 blockade, animals were treated with control or
neutralizing antibody, or transplanted with control or 7ND (dominant-negative form of MCP-1)-overexpressing adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs). Stress increased monocyte accumulation,
free fatty acids, proinflammatory
cytokine, and
HSP70.1 and reduced
adiponectin. Adipose stromal cells highly expressed MCP-1. The stress-induced adipose
inflammation increased
PAI-1 and TF but did not give rise to
thrombus formation. Without any changes in GTT, stress worsened
insulin sensitivity and decreased IRS-1 and GLUT4 in WAT.
Neutralizing antibody and 7ND-ADSCs reversed stress-induced adipose
inflammation, procoagulant state, and
insulin resistance. Stress evoked adipose
inflammation to increase
coagulation factors and impair
insulin sensitivity through adipose-derived MCP-1.