Obesity

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28132 relevant articles (879 outcomes, 3218 trials/studies) found for this Disease

Description: A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the acceptable or desirable weight, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Weight Loss (Weight Reduction)
2.	Insulin Resistance
3.	Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
4.	Syndrome
5.	Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (MODY)

Experts

1.	Farooqi, I Sadaf: 15 articles (10/2008 - 08/2002)
2.	O'Rahilly, Stephen: 14 articles (10/2008 - 04/2002)
3.	Froguel, Philippe: 13 articles (10/2008 - 09/2004)
4.	Björntorp, P: 12 articles (07/2003 - 05/2000)
5.	Freedland, Stephen J: 11 articles (09/2008 - 02/2004)
6.	Després, Jean-Pierre: 11 articles (05/2008 - 05/2002)
7.	Ghigo, E: 11 articles (10/2004 - 06/2000)
8.	Rosmond, Roland: 10 articles (05/2008 - 05/2002)
9.	Walker, Brian R: 10 articles (04/2008 - 07/2003)
10.	Levin, Barry E: 10 articles (05/2007 - 10/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Obesity:

1.	Insulin (Novolin)FDA Link 01/01/2007 - "Underlying obesity and increased percent body fat may have been the most counteracting factors on the potential improvement in insulin sensitivity expected with insulin monotherapy." 04/01/1988 - "We evaluated the safety and efficacy of a highly supplemented controlled low-energy (1764 kJ [420 kcal]) diet in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes and obesity. " 04/01/1988 - "The safety and efficacy of a controlled low-energy ('very-low-calorie') diet in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes and obesity." 06/01/2009 - "Studies in HSL-/- mice report defective beta-adrenergic stimulated lipolysis, protection against high-fat diet-induced obesity, and possible impairments in insulin secretion. " 10/01/2008 - "Therefore, dietary supplements such as insulin-sensitizing agents may be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Glucose (Dextrose)FDA LinkGeneric 09/15/2008 - "However, 7b significantly lowered the fasting glucose level and improved the glucose tolerance in the obesity-induced diabetic mice." 09/01/2007 - "Interventions that reduce weight and abdominal adiposity have been shown to improve obesity-associated disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism, reduce blood pressure, and promote other beneficial effects on cardiometabolic risk parameters. " 01/01/1986 - "Multivariate analyses, adjusting for age and obesity, eliminated the 3-h glucose difference in females by HLA sharing status (p = 0.37) although in males it remained significant (p less than 0.001). " 02/01/2005 - "CONCLUSION: This study confirms a role for HSL in glucose homeostasis and the reduced frequency of the low expressing -60G promoter variant in obese individuals, together with existing published data, suggests that this allele might be protective against obesity." 05/01/1984 - "This would undoubtedly result in improved glucose disposal in the postprandial state and emphasizes the potential benefit of exercise in obesity and type II diabetes." Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	LeptinIBA 01/11/2006 - "Absence of MCH neurons in ob/ob mice improved obesity, diabetes, and hepatic steatosis, suggesting that MCH neurons are important mediators of the response to leptin deficiency. " 04/01/2003 - "Changes in the biological efficacy of leptin were evaluated in obesity-resistant (A/J) and obesity-prone (C57BL/6J) mice at weaning and after consuming a high-fat (HF) diet for 4 and 8 wk. There was no evidence of leptin resistance in either strain at the start of the study, but after 4 and 8 wk on the HF diet, C57BL/6J mice became unresponsive to ip leptin. " 11/09/1998 - "These favourable changes in body fat mass were accompanied by improvement in at least one metabolic factor associated with obesity - serum leptin concentrations were significantly reduced in treated animals compared with high fat controls. " 10/19/1996 - "These associations remained significant after controlling for body mass index; effects of physical activity and of rural or urban living on leptin concentration were eliminated after adjusting for obesity, except values remained high in urban men. " 04/20/1999 - "Phase I and II trials recently showed that leptin administration to humans is safe, and ongoing phase III trials are assessing the efficacy of leptin as a treatment for obesity and related disorders. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	orlistat (Xenical)FDA Link 01/01/2006 - "CONCLUSION: Xenical is beneficial for patients with DM-2 and obesity because it improves metabolic processes." 01/01/2002 - "[Efficacy of orlistat in the treatment of constitutional-alimentary obesity in patients with high risk of cardiovascular complications]" 01/01/2000 - "Several obesity-related risk factors improved significantly more with orlistat treatment than with placebo. " 10/01/1999 - "In a study of patients with obesity associated with type 2 diabetes, patients treated with orlistat lost more weight and had improved serum lipid profiles compared with placebo recipients. " 03/01/2009 - "Orlistat, an inhibitor of digestive lipases, is widely used for the treatment of obesity. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	AdiponectinIBA 03/01/2009 - "We conclude that adiponectin concentrations, clearly linked to metabolic disorders, may diverge among sexes regarding protection against cardiometabolic risk through anti-inflammatory or antioxidative function, Turkish men alone revealing significant dysfunction independent of obesity. " 02/24/2006 - "Adiponectin is a major adipose cytokine that decreases in circulation in obesity and ameliorates obesity. " 02/01/2009 - "A decreased serum level of adiponectin in obesity has been identified as an independent risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular complications, suggesting that pharmacological intervention aimed at elevating adiponectin production might hold promise for the treatment and/or prevention of these diseases. " 10/01/2009 - "AIM: Our aim was to evaluate the impact of body composition on adiponectin and IR determined by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) in a population-based study on relatively healthy young men, minimizing the possible effects of age, obesity, and severe comorbidity. " 09/01/2009 - "We performed an association study and mutation analysis of the adiponectin (APM1) gene to study its involvement in the development of obesity. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	Carbon MonoxideIBA 05/01/2008 - "It has been proven in many studies that for severely obese patients there is no other more effective treatment of their obesity and co-morbidities than bariatric. " 05/01/2004 - "BMI fell significantly in both groups, with significant improvement of obesity-related co-morbidities. " 01/01/1997 - "Gastric procedures are, therefore, an effective treatment of severe obesity and of its co-morbid conditions. " 03/01/2009 - "An improvement in obesity-related co-morbidities was observed in nearly all patients. " 03/01/2008 - "Obesity-associated co-morbidities improved or resolved in all patients. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	CholesterolIBA 01/01/2008 - "We further conclude that cholesterol supplementation does not induce an obesity phenotype in L-Fabp(-/-) mice, nor does it play a significant role in the protection against Western diet-induced obesity in this background." 08/01/2000 - "All of the sequential steps in intestinal lipid absorption can be interfered with by dietary components or drugs and thus are potential therapeutic targets for inducing a controlled malabsorption of triglyceride, useful in the treatment of obesity, or for rendering cholesterol absorption even more inefficient in an attempt to lower blood cholesterol levels. " 06/01/1997 - "An improvement in risk profile was more pronounced in younger age groups, and the declines in cholesterol and obesity were substantially larger in men and women with higher education. " 01/01/1996 - "This study investigated whether sensitivity improved by adding obesity as a criterion when screening children for cholesterol. " 11/01/2009 - "BACKGROUND: There are few studies that compare measures of diagnostic accuracy for selected waist cutoff points and the criteria of abdominal obesity given by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP). " Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	sibutramine (Meridia)FDA Link 09/01/2001 - "CONCLUSION: The study indicates sibutramine to be an effective and well tolerated agent leading to significant reduction in parameter of obesity in obese type 2 diabetic subjects." 01/01/2004 - "CONCLUSIONS: Sibutramine is a cost-effective treatment for obesity when combined with diet and lifestyle advice." 05/26/2000 - "The results suggest that these enantioselective metabolites of sibutramine could be safe and effective treatments for obesity as well as possibly for depression." 01/01/2004 - "Sibutramine is a US Food and Drug Administration- and European Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products-approved medication with demonstrated efficacy in long-term obesity management. " 10/01/2000 - "An assessment of the safety and efficacy of sibutramine, an anti-obesity drug with a novel mechanism of action." Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	rimonabantIBA 04/01/2008 - "However, given the efficacy of this treatment and the magnitude of the obesity problem, rimonabant may prove to be a valuable adjunct in targeting obesity-related cardiovascular risk factors." 04/01/2005 - "In humans, rimonabant appears to be effective for treatment of obesity and smoking cessation. " 05/01/2007 - "Is rimonabant a safe and effective treatment for obesity?" 06/01/2004 - "Rimonabant was shown to be safe and effective in treating the combined cardiovascular risk factors of smoking and obesity. " 08/27/2008 - "Ongoing studies aim at further demonstrating the potential of rimonabant in the management of type 2 diabetes, in the prevention of type 2 diabetes and in the protection against cardiovascular complications in (diabetic) patients with abdominal obesity." Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	HormonesIBA 01/01/2008 - "Future gut hormone-based therapies may provide an effective and well-tolerated treatment for obesity." 05/01/2007 - "Gut hormone-based therapies may thus provide an effective and well-tolerated treatment for obesity." 01/01/2009 - "Advances discussed will include how a number of large prospective studies have improved our knowledge of risk factors, including diet, obesity, hormones, and smoking. " 11/01/2009 - "The interaction between central obesity and different hormone use in both pre and postmenopausal women has not previously been reported in a study spanning the whole age range associated with hormone use. " 01/01/2009 - "To determine the effects of sex and ovarian hormones on the susceptibility to obesity, we conducted laboratory studies with mice. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Bariatric Surgery 11/01/2009 - "BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery remains the most effective treatment for the management of obesity. " 02/01/2009 - "Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for severe obesity. " 08/07/2008 - "However, increasing recognition of vagal involvement in the putative mechanisms making bariatric surgeries the most effective treatment for obesity should greatly stimulate future research to uncover the many details regarding the specific transduction mechanisms in the periphery and the inter- and intra-neuronal signaling cascades disseminating vagal information across the neuraxis." 06/01/2008 - "Bariatric surgery is both a popular and highly effective treatment for obesity. " 05/01/2008 - "Bariatric surgery, a highly effective treatment for obesity, may prevent such complications in subsequent pregnancies. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Gastric Bypass (Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass) 12/17/2004 - "CONCLUSION: This study confirms that gastric bypass is a very effective treatment for severe obesity and can be performed with a high level of safety. " 05/01/2007 - "CONCLUSIONS: Gastric bypass operation is effective in reducing actual and the 10-year Framingham risk of CHD events in individuals with class II to III obesity. " 11/01/2006 - "BACKGROUND: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is an effective treatment for severe obesity. " 10/19/2005 - "CONTEXT: The use of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) has been reported to be effective in the treatment of obesity and its related comorbidities. " 10/01/2005 - "BACKGROUND: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is an effective treatment of severe obesity and one of the fastest growing surgical procedures in the United States. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 01/01/2006 - "These approaches have met with moderate success; and recently with safety concerns, leaving an unmet medical need for effective and safe pharmacotherapy for obesity thereby posing a significant challenge to pharmaceutical industry. " 03/01/2006 - "Neither behavioral, nor dietary, nor drug therapy has been particularly effective either in obesity or NASH. " 06/01/2001 - "Traditional treatment options include diet, exercise, and behavior modification, but recently, pharmacotherapy has been incorporated as an effective and safe adjunct for long-term treatment of obesity. " 05/01/2008 - "Molecular network of obesity: what does it promise for pharmacotherapy?" 01/01/2008 - "The results of this review indicate that the safety and efficacy of surgical and pharmacotherapy treatments for adolescent obesity is uncertain. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Renal Dialysis (Hemodialysis) 06/01/2007 - "Although obesity has consistently been associated with improved outcomes in hemodialysis, conflicting results have been seen in PD. " 02/01/2007 - "However, unlike in the general population, obesity is associated with improved survival in hemodialysis patients. " 09/01/2005 - "BACKGROUND: In maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) outpatients, a reverse epidemiology is described, ie, baseline obesity appears paradoxically associated with improved survival. " 01/01/2004 - "In hemodialysis (HD), obesity is associated with improved short-term survival (around 3 years). " 11/01/2003 - "Although obesity is associated with increased risks of morbidity and death in the general population, a number of studies of patients undergoing hemodialysis have demonstrated that increasing body mass index (BMI) is correlated with decreased mortality risk. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Caloric Restriction 01/01/1988 - "Whether caloric restriction can alter the efficiency of muscular work raises important questions regarding the control of energetic coupling processes and the efficacy of exercise as a treatment for obesity. " 07/01/2009 - "Caloric restriction (CR) and metabolic glucoprivation affect spontaneous physical activity (SPA), but it's unknown whether these treatments similarly affect SPA in selectively bred obesity-prone (OP) and -resistant (OR) rats. " 07/01/2009 - "Effect of acute and chronic caloric restriction and metabolic glucoprivation on spontaneous physical activity in obesity-prone and obesity-resistant rats." 10/01/2008 - "These neuroendocrine-immune interactions are heightened during the state of chronic positive energy balance, as seen during obesity, and negative energy balance caused by caloric restriction (CR). " 10/01/2008 - "Adipose-immune interactions during obesity and caloric restriction: reciprocal mechanisms regulating immunity and health span." Order ALL the reference details at left...

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