Trilinolein has been identified as one of the active constituents isolated from Panax notoginseng used widely in
traditional Chinese medicine. Protective actions of Panax notoginseng against
cerebral ischemia, beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, and
hemostatic,
antioxidant, hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, renoprotective and
estrogen-like activities have been illustrated. In the present study, the effects of
trilinolein on the growth of
non-small cell lung carcinoma A549 were investigated. It was found that the exposure of A549 cells to
trilinolein resulted in the growth inhibition and the induction of apoptosis in a dose- and time- dependent manner.
Trilinolein treatment induced the upregulation of pro-apoptotic Bax, downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression, which was associated with the proteolytic activation of
caspases and the concomitant degradation of
poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)
protein. Intracellular
reactive oxygen species seem to play a role in the
trilinolein-induced apoptosis, since ROS were produced early in the
trilinolein treatment. Moreover, the activity of PI3K/Akt was downregulated in
trilinolein-treated cells. Our results demonstrated that the most important regulators of
trilinolein-induced apoptosis are Bcl-2 family and
caspase-3, which are associated with
cytochrome c release and dephosphorylation on the Akt signaling pathway.