Brain Ischemia (Cerebral Ischemia)

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8145 relevant articles (543 outcomes, 1283 trials/studies) found for this Disease

Description: Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.

Also Known As:

Cerebral Ischemia; Encephalopathy, Ischemic; Ischemia, Cerebral; Brain Ischemias; Cerebral Ischemias; Ischemia, Brain; Ischemias, Cerebral; Ischemic Encephalopathies; Ischemic Encephalopathy

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Nervous System Diseases: 3643

Central Nervous System Diseases: 1005

Brain Diseases: 1203

Cerebrovascular Disorders: 546

Brain Ischemia: 8145

Transient Ischemic Attack: 1411

Brain Infarction: 539

Brain Hypoxia-Ischemia: 400

Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency: 166

Cardiovascular Diseases: 20552

Vascular Diseases: 7633

Cerebrovascular Disorders: 546

Brain Ischemia: 8145

Transient Ischemic Attack: 1411

Brain Infarction: 539

Brain Hypoxia-Ischemia: 400

Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency: 166

Related Diseases

1.	Stroke (Strokes)
2.	Reperfusion Injury
3.	Brain Injuries (Brain Injury)
4.	Ischemia
5.	Infarction

Experts

1.	Zhang, Guang-Yi: 27 articles (10/2008 - 11/2002)
2.	Chan, Pak H: 23 articles (10/2008 - 03/2002)
3.	Liu, Yong: 18 articles (08/2007 - 11/2002)
4.	Kilic, Ertugrul: 11 articles (09/2008 - 05/2003)
5.	Mishima, Kenichi: 11 articles (01/2008 - 02/2003)
6.	Iwasaki, Katsunori: 11 articles (01/2008 - 02/2003)
7.	Fujiwara, Michihiro: 11 articles (01/2008 - 02/2003)
8.	Egashira, Nobuaki: 10 articles (01/2008 - 10/2003)
9.	Plesnila, Nikolaus: 10 articles (12/2007 - 11/2002)
10.	Kilic, Ulkan: 9 articles (09/2008 - 05/2003)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Brain Ischemia:

1.	CalciumIBA 10/01/1996 - "OBJECTIVE: To study whether regional brain calcium change would be an important factor for ischemic neuranal damage and whether calcium antagonist would exert protective effects on cerebral ischemia. " 04/01/1991 - "We conclude that the continuous administration of calcium antagonists for three days after the global brain ischemia would be beneficial for the neurologic recovery." 01/01/1988 - "[Cerebral protective effects by continuous administration of a calcium antagonist after canine global brain ischemia--change in cerebral blood flow and metabolism]" 01/01/1994 - "Neuronal protective effects of calcium antagonists in cerebral ischemia." 12/01/2009 - "The present study investigated the ceramide signal pathway, which is associated with cerebral ischemia in a calcium-independent manner. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	N-Methylaspartate (NMDA)IBA 01/01/1990 - "In summary, 8319 is a noncompetitive NMDA antagonist with good anticonvulsant activity and may possess neuroprotective properties useful in the treatment of brain ischemia." 11/01/1990 - "These data suggest that blockade of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor is effective in reducing the infarct size after focal cerebral ischemia. " 07/01/1993 - "Characterization of the cerebroprotective efficacy of the competitive NMDA receptor antagonist CGP40116 in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia: an in vivo magnetic resonance imaging study." 01/01/1993 - "In the clinical management of cerebral ischemia not only the intrinsic neuronal degenerative process, but also the deteriorating extracellular milieu, needs to be treated, and the latter may not be improved by NMDA receptor blockade.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)" 03/01/2009 - "As a whole, the study demonstrates that preconditioning attenuation of pro-death JNK3 in the hippocampus CA1 following global cerebral ischemia is mediated by NMDA receptor-induced crosstalk between ERK1/2 and JNK3. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	OxygenIBA 11/01/1992 - "CONCLUSIONS: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy performed in the early postischemic period accelerated neurologic recovery and improved the survival rate in dogs after 15-mins of complete global cerebral ischemia." 08/14/2009 - "In summary, this article uncovers a protective role for astrocyte S6K1 against brain ischemia, indicating a functional pathway that senses nutrient and oxygen levels and may be beneficial for neuronal survival." 03/28/2008 - "Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO(2)) therapy is reported to be beneficial in transient brain ischemia. " 03/10/2005 - "Hyperbaric oxygen induces rapid protection against focal cerebral ischemia." 04/15/2002 - "Thus, the exogenous application of 10(-7) M ET-1 improved microvascular oxygen supply/consumption balance during focal cerebral ischemia." Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Nimodipine (Modus)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1992 - "Our results indicate that nimodipine is effective in reducing focal cerebral ischemia, provided the MABP is maintained higher than 85 mmHg." 09/01/1988 - "These data suggest that the improved neurological outcome associated with nimodipine treatment following global cerebral ischemia does not relate to reduced levels of the prostaglandin precursor arachidonate." 08/01/2005 - "HSYA dose-dependently improved the neurological deficit scores and reduced the cerebral infarct area, and HSYA bore a similarity in potency of the therapeutic effects on focal cerebral ischemia to nimodipine. " 02/25/2000 - "Thus, nimodipine may be pharmacologically effective in preventing brain dysfunction due to cerebral ischemia in vivo." 01/01/1993 - "In the therapy of acute cerebral ischemia the therapeutic efficacy of nimodipine administered orally is not therapeutically proved until now; the intravenous administration of nimodipine offers the risk of acute hypotensive reactions. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Mannitol (Osmitrol)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/1995 - "CONCLUSIONS: Mannitol is effective for acute cerebral ischemia, and SEP and MRI are useful for monitoring it." 07/01/1983 - "These experimental results indicated that a combined administration of PFC and mannitol is effective in protecting the brain from cerebral ischemia." 07/01/1981 - "These experimental results indicate that the combined administration of mannitol and FC is effective in protecting the brain from cerebral ischemia." 07/01/1981 - "These experimental results indicated that a combined administration of FC and mannitol is effective in protecting the brain from cerebral ischemia." 03/01/1981 - "These experimental results indicate that the combined administration of mannitol and FC is effective in protecting the brain from cerebral ischemia." Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	Glutamic Acid (Glutamate)FDA Link 09/01/2007 - "The protective effects of A(2A) antagonists in brain ischemia may be largely due to reduced glutamate outflow from neurones and glial cells. " 06/23/2008 - "The aims of the present study were to investigate the effect of PEP-19 overexpression on cell death triggered by Ca2+ overload and how the polypeptide levels are affected by glutamate-induced excitotoxicity and cerebral ischemia. " 12/15/2001 - "The present study is the first to investigate uptake of glutamate in the intact rat brain in relation to cerebral ischemia. " 05/15/2001 - "In the present study we have combined the simultaneous inhibition of glutamate uptake and mitochondrial electron transport chain to simulate neuronal damage associated with brain ischemia. " 04/10/1996 - "This study was designed to collect detailed information on rapid changes in the extracellular glutamate concentration of the rat striatum and demonstrated two distinct phases of glutamate release during early severe brain ischemia." Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	Glucose (Dextrose)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/1983 - "The results indicate that glucose metabolism might be reversible in the moderate degree of focal cerebral ischemia, and early restoration of blood flow may be beneficial for glucose metabolism." 09/01/1991 - "In cerebral cortex, the vasodilation is unassociated with alterations in cerebral glucose utilization, a condition favoring protection against cerebral ischemia. " 10/01/1999 - "Double-tracer autoradiographic study of protein synthesis and glucose consumption in rats with focal cerebral ischemia." 01/01/1984 - "Positron emission tomography study of regional glucose metabolism in cerebral ischemia--topographic and kinetic aspects." 01/01/1983 - "Studies of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and regional cerebral glucose metabolism in acute cerebral ischemia: possible mechanism of opiate antagonist therapeutic activity." Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	Isoflurane FDA LinkGeneric 08/07/2002 - "Three hours of exposure to 1% isoflurane induced rapid and longlasting protection against 60 min transient focal cerebral ischemia induced by filament occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO). " 12/01/2009 - "Isoflurane preconditioning improved short-term neurological outcome after focal brain ischemia in adult rats. " 06/01/2008 - "Application of isoflurane during reperfusion also improved neurologic outcome after brain ischemia. " 12/01/2007 - "CONCLUSIONS: Isoflurane preconditioning improved the long-term neurologic outcome after brain ischemia. " 01/01/2007 - "Isoflurane provides long-term protection against focal cerebral ischemia in the rat." Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	tirilazadIBA 05/09/1994 - "The protective effects of the 21-aminosteroid tirilazad mesylate (U-74006F), one of the most efficacious inhibitors of free radical-initiated lipid peroxidation, against ischemic brain damage particularly in permanent focal cerebral ischemia still remain controversial. " 02/01/1997 - "These results document the neuroprotective efficacy of tirilazad mesylate in cerebral ischemia." 10/01/1992 - "BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Tirilazad mesylate (U74006F) has been reported to improve recovery following cerebral ischemia. " 06/01/1999 - "Mortality rates and overall outcome, assessed using the Glasgow Outcome Scale at 3 months post-SAH, were not different between the two groups, despite a significantly lower incidence of delayed cerebral ischemia in patients given tirilazad. " 01/01/1996 - "Since tirilazad appears to have little or no behavioral or physiologic side effects, it appears to be an ideal agent for widespread brain ischemia prophylaxis. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/1997 - "Aspirin is only modestly effective in the secondary prevention after cerebral ischemia. " 08/01/2003 - "AIM: To investigate the protective effects and mechanism of action of aspirin on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats. " 08/01/2003 - "[Protective effects and mechanism of action of aspirin on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats]" 03/27/2003 - "These findings suggest that low doses of aspirin may be useful in the management of patients with cerebral ischemia, not only for its antithrombotic properties, but also by direct neuroprotective effects." 01/01/1985 - "The inhibition of TXA2 by aspirin and other agents has been associated with improved outcome following cerebral ischemia in clinical and laboratory studies. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Ligation 10/01/1983 - "These combined operations, STA-MCA anastomosis and ICA ligation were beneficial in preventing the potential postoperative cerebral ischemia. " 02/01/2009 - "In vivo microscopy was used to study the interaction between leukocytes and the pial venular and arteriolar endothelium in rats during cerebral ischemia evoked by bilateral ligation occlusion of the carotid arteries. " 08/01/1998 - "In experimental study, rabbit model of acute incomplete cerebral ischemia was made by ligation of bilateral common carotid artery. " 06/01/1991 - "The study was performed in a population of 20 New Zealand male rabbits in which an acute cerebral ischemia was achieved by means of extracranial ligation of both common carotid artery and of one vertebral artery. " 01/29/1988 - "This study quantified the immediate general hemodynamic events following the bilateral carotid ligation-induced cerebral ischemia in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Carotid Endarterectomy 01/01/1997 - "CONCLUSIONS: intraoperative transcranial doppler monitoring 1) allows to identify any kind of blood flow disturbance in MCA during each stage of CEA which appears before neurological impairment, 2) gives the possibility of shunt functioning evaluation, 3) enables to avoid intraoperatively unpredictable situations that may result in imminent cerebral ischemia, 4) 70% decrease of blood flow velocity in MCA is the indication for shunt insertion, 5) proved to be very helpful in (in 10% of our material) improving the results of all carotid endarterectomies." 09/01/1993 - "The purpose of this study was to determine whether preoperative angiographic patterns of collateral cerebral blood flow correlate with protection against intraoperative electroencephalographic (EEG) evidence of cerebral ischemia caused by carotid artery cross-clamping during carotid endarterectomy. " 07/01/1992 - "In the following prospective study of 125 carotid endarterectomies, we compared monitoring of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) with carotid stump pressure (CSP) measurement in order to determine the efficacy of both methods in reliably predicting cerebral ischemia caused by cross-clamping of the carotid artery. " 01/01/2008 - "The goal of this study was to determine whether plasma concentrations of MMP-9 in the jugular bulb during carotid endarterectomy (CEA) correlate with severity of intraoperative cerebral ischemia. " 10/01/2007 - "BACKGROUND: This study compares the accuracy of cerebral monitoring systems in detecting cerebral ischemia during carotid endarterectomy. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients) 03/29/2006 - "In this study, rats receiving intracerebral peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell (CD34+) (PBSC) transplantation showed much more improvement in neurological function after chronic cerebral ischemia in comparison with vehicle-treated control rats. " 08/01/2009 - "CONCLUSION: NM is able to promote the angiogenesis and neurological impairment improvement in focal cerebral ischemia of rats which are administered with BMSC transplantation, and the effect is reinforced with the extension of treatment time." 11/16/1998 - "The present study explored the potential benefits of neural transplantation of fetal rat striatal cells or human neurons derived from a clonal embryonal carcinoma cell line to correct the abnormalities associated with cerebral ischemia. " 05/01/1995 - "The purpose of this work was to study if enriched housing conditions and fetal neocortical transplantation could enhance the functional outcome after focal brain ischemia in adult rats. " 12/01/2009 - "These results suggest that intraarterial transplantation of HUCB-derived MSCs could be useful in clinical treatment of cerebral ischemia." Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Resuscitation 10/01/1989 - "The future is bright for resuscitation research: Our fundamental understanding of cerebral ischemia and its consequences has dramatically improved, and this knowledge can hopefully be transferred to clinical useful modes of therapy. " 01/01/1989 - "The future is bright for resuscitation research since our fundamental understanding of cerebral ischemia and its consequences has dramatically improved. " 11/01/1996 - "This study therefore determined whether a post-resuscitation treatment with either T3 (n = 8) or rT3 (n = 8) provided protection against global cerebral ischemia comparable to that of L-T4. " 12/01/1987 - "This study was conducted to investigate the degree of insult from arrest of cerebral blood flow leading to total brain ischemia, as a model for brain resuscitation studies in rabbits. " 07/01/1982 - "Systematic studies of cerebral resuscitation potentials after global brain ischemia." Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Hemodilution 10/01/2004 - "We designed this study to evaluate the effects of hemodilution in the setting of focal cerebral ischemia during CPB. " 09/01/1993 - "This study was designed to better define a protocol for hypervolemic hemodilution in acute cerebral ischemia and investigate the mechanism of action of this therapy. " 09/01/1989 - "[Hemodilution in cerebral ischemia: a trial of treatment without a firm pathophysiologic concept]" 10/01/2004 - "In this experimental model of CPB with reversible MCAO-induced focal cerebral ischemia, hemodilution worsened neurological function and increased cerebral infarct volume." 10/01/2004 - "As a result, the consequences of hemodilution in patients at risk for cerebral ischemia are not clearly understood. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

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