Inflammatory effects contribute to the pathogenesis of
pancreatitis. Clearly, proinflammatory
cytokines like
TNF-alpha and
IL-6 are involved in this process and the associated systemic complications. The
MAPKAPK-2 (MK2) signaling pathway is involved in
cytokine gene expression. Therefore, we hypothesized that blockade of this pathway inhibits the expression of proinflammatory
cytokines and thereby protects against
pancreatitis. To investigate this, we used an in vivo mouse model with a homozygous deletion of the MK2 gene.
Pancreatitis was induced by injection of
cerulein. The severity was determined by measuring serum
lipase, pancreatic
trypsin activation, pancreatic
edema, and morphological changes by quantitative scoring of histological sections. Systemic
inflammation was evaluated by measuring
myeloperoxidase activity in lung tissue. Serum levels of
TNF-alpha and
IL-6 were measured using an ELISA, and
mRNA levels were identified using RT-PCR and subsequent quantitative PCR analysis.
Pancreatitis in animals with deletion of the MK2 gene is less severe and accompanied with reduced serum levels of
TNF-alpha and
IL-6. Pancreatic
mRNA levels revealed a fourfold reduction of
IL-6 mRNA expression in MK2 -/- mice. Effects were associated with suppression of pancreatic
trypsin activity and reduced acinar cell injury. In summary, these data show that gene deletion of MK2 ameliorates
cerulein-induced
pancreatitis.
TNF-alpha and
IL-6 signaling is mediated by the MK2 pathway and therefore crucial for the regulatory inflammatory processes.
TNF-alpha expression is supposably regulated by a posttranscriptional mechanism, whereas
IL-6 expression is most likely regulated by transcriptional effects.