Chlorofluorocarbons (Freon)

A series of hydrocarbons containing both chlorine and fluorine. These have been used as refrigerants, blowing agents, cleaning fluids, solvents, and as fire extinguishing agents. They have been shown to cause stratospheric ozone depletion and have been banned for many uses.

Also Known As:

Networked: 70 relevant articles (3 outcomes, 1 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Sellers, William F S: 1 article (01/2017)
2.	Chaput, B: 1 article (06/2012)
3.	Courtade-Saïdi, M: 1 article (06/2012)
4.	De Bonnecaze, G: 1 article (06/2012)
5.	Eburdery, H: 1 article (06/2012)
6.	Garrido, I: 1 article (06/2012)
7.	Grolleau, J-L: 1 article (06/2012)
8.	Blair, Julian: 1 article (04/2012)
9.	Koppenhagen, Franciscus: 1 article (04/2012)
10.	McCabe, Jacquelyn Cruz: 1 article (04/2012)

Related Diseases

1.	Asthma (Bronchial Asthma) 04/01/2012 - "A lower spray force has been directly associated with a decrease in throat deposition of asthma medication, and a higher spray temperature may alleviate the "cold Freon effect" associated with pMDIs. " 09/01/2006 - "Stmerin D, a pressurized metered dose inhaler (MDI) for treatment of asthma, contains CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) as a propellant. " 05/01/2000 - "The impending phaseout of chlorofluorocarbons as propellants in pressurized metered-dose inhalers used in the treatment of asthma has resulted in the development of alternative devices to deliver drug to the pulmonary airways. " 06/01/1995 - "Metered dose inhalers for the treatment of asthma use chlorofluorocarbons as propellants. " 01/01/2003 - "International agreements to ban the use of environmentally damaging chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) have signalled an end to the traditional CFC-propelled pressurised metered dose inhaler (pMDI) which has long been the mainstay of topical asthma therapy. "
2.	Metrorrhagia (Spotting) 04/01/1990 - "Genomic RNA could be detected after direct spotting of samples, but prior Freon-extraction or centrifugation of specimens on a cushion of sucrose improved considerably the positive identification of virus containing samples. "
3.	Ischemia 11/01/1983 - "Double tourniquets linked to separate Freon cannisters and two mercury manometers have been effective in maintaining ischemia in over 1,000 consecutive hand surgery operations. "
4.	Rhinitis 03/20/1989 - "These contained approximately 29 tons of completely halogenized CFC gases ("Freon") and the preparations were employed for the treatment of bronchial asthma and rhinitis. " 03/01/1993 - "The aims of the study were to compare the efficacy and side effects of intranasal budesonide as a dry powder and as a freon propelled pressurized aerosol in the treatment of perennial rhinitis and to validate a perennial rhinitis quality of life questionnaire. " 03/01/1993 - "Sixty adults with symptomatic perennial rhinitis, stratified for atopy, received 400 micrograms intranasal budesonide administered daily either as one inhalation/nostril/day of pure drug powder or two puffs/nostril/day of drug delivered by a freon propelled aerosol. " 08/01/1992 - "Ipratropium bromide is an anticholinergic agent with topical activity that has been studied as a freon-propelled aerosol spray for therapy of nonallergic rhinitis. "
5.	Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) 05/01/1996 - "We report two cases of acute, massive Freon exposure that preceded secondary arterial hypertension. " 05/01/1996 - "There are no reports in the literature of Freons causing secondary arterial hypertension. " 05/01/1996 - "Secondary arterial hypertension linked to Freon exposure." 09/23/1992 - "Freon and hypertension." 01/22/1992 - "Occupational exposure to Freon: an association with severe hypertension?"

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Albuterol (Salbutamol)
2.	norflurane (R 134a)
3.	Sucrose (Saccharose)
4.	RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)
5.	Mercury
6.	Aerosols
7.	Powders
8.	Budesonide (Pulmicort)
9.	Gases
10.	Solvents

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Tourniquets
2.	Metered Dose Inhalers (Metered Dose Inhaler)
3.	Therapeutics
4.	Nebulizers and Vaporizers (Inhaler)
5.	Skin Transplantation (Skin Grafting)