Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

A chronic dysfunction of MEIBOMIAN GLANDS characterized by altered tear film stability and function due to a decrease or alteration in lipid quality/content in meibum. It is often associated with evaporative-type DRY EYE SYNDROME.

Also Known As:

Networked: 517 relevant articles (70 outcomes, 86 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Dry Eye Syndromes (Dry Eye Syndrome)
2.	Blepharitis
3.	Cataract (Cataracts)
4.	Blister (Bulla)
5.	Atrophy

Experts

1.	Borchman, Douglas: 17 articles (03/2020 - 10/2009)
2.	Arita, Reiko: 16 articles (01/2021 - 03/2013)
3.	Foulks, Gary N: 13 articles (01/2019 - 10/2009)
4.	Tsubota, Kazuo: 11 articles (06/2021 - 11/2002)
5.	Craig, Jennifer P: 10 articles (11/2021 - 09/2015)
6.	Tong, Louis: 9 articles (10/2022 - 09/2014)
7.	Yappert, Marta C: 9 articles (07/2013 - 10/2009)
8.	Kim, Tae-Im: 8 articles (02/2022 - 12/2012)
9.	Fukuoka, Shima: 8 articles (01/2021 - 01/2017)
10.	Sullivan, David A: 8 articles (12/2020 - 06/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Meibomian Gland Dysfunction:

1.	Ophthalmic Solutions (Eye Drops)IBA 01/01/2022 - "Optimel 16% manuka honey eye-drops showed significant improvement in symptoms and objective signs in meibomian gland dysfunction and are an effective alternative treatment for meibomian gland dysfunction. " 01/01/2022 - "To evaluate the effects of manuka honey eye-drops in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction. " 08/01/2022 - "The risk factors for DED after cataract surgery included age, female sex, systemic diseases, systemic medications, psychiatric conditions, preexisting DED, meibomian gland dysfunction, preservatives in eye drops, surgery techniques, and lifestyle. " 12/12/2020 - "Efficacy and Safety of Houttuynia Eye Drops Atomization Treatment for Meibomian Gland Dysfunction-Related Dry Eye Disease: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial." 12/12/2020 - "To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Houttuynia eye drops (a Chinese traditional medicine) atomization treatment in meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD)-related dry eye disease (DED) patients. "
2.	Azithromycin (Zithromax)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2020 - "To systematically review studies of managing meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) with azithromycin and pool clinical outcomes to show its effectiveness. " 10/01/2020 - "Systematic review and meta-analysis of treating meibomian gland dysfunction with azithromycin." 03/01/2020 - "The Role of Topical Azithromycin in the Treatment of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction." 12/01/2016 - "Meibomian gland dysfunction: azithromycin and objective improvement in outcomes in posterior blepharitis." 01/01/2018 - "Topical azithromycin was found effective and safe in various ocular surface infections, in meibomian gland dysfunction and in trachoma. "
3.	Doxycycline (Periostat)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2018 - "The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of a single bilateral 12-minute vectored thermal pulsation (VTP) procedure versus daily oral doxycycline for 3 months for moderate-to-severe meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). " 01/01/2023 - "The treatment of moderate to severe meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) with oral doxycycline requires a 6-week course of treatment and has frequent adverse effects (AEs), which may be associated with poor compliance. " 01/01/2018 - "Comparison of a single-dose vectored thermal pulsation procedure with a 3-month course of daily oral doxycycline for moderate-to-severe meibomian gland dysfunction." 12/01/2005 - "Low dose doxycycline (20 mg twice a day) therapy was effective in patients with chronic meibomian gland dysfunction that were refractory to conventional therapy." 12/01/2005 - "The aim was to investigate the effect of low dose doxycycline (20 mg) therapy in patients with chronic meibomian gland dysfunction that were refractory to conventional therapy. "
4.	LipidsIBA 06/05/2014 - "However, this lipid-inducing effect may be beneficial in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). " 01/01/2022 - "Intense pulsed light seems effective and safe for the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction, improving symptoms and the tear film lipid layer. " 11/01/2021 - "Meibomian Gland Dysfunction and Lipid Profile: A Study Among Pregnant Women." 08/01/2010 - "Our study supports the idea that compositional differences result in meibum that is less fluid and more viscous with meibomian gland dysfunction so that less lipid flows out of the meibomian gland orifice as observed clinically. " 10/01/2009 - "Toward this goal and to test our studies of meibum lipid using infrared spectroscopy, we measured the Raman spectra of samples from human donors with and without meibomian gland dysfunction. "
5.	Lubricant Eye Drops (Artificial Tears)IBA 03/01/2020 - "This study evaluates the efficacy of topical AZ supplementation to systemic AZ, warm compresses, artificial tears, and lid scrubs for the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). " 01/01/2004 - "To evaluate the effectiveness of lid hygiene and preservative-free artificial tears for the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) during a 6-week period. " 06/01/2016 - "To assess the efficacy and safety of intraductal meibomian gland probing in patients with obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction who experienced little improvement with eyelid warming, massage, or artificial tears. " 12/01/2012 - "To compare the efficacy of topical cyclosporine [0.05% cyclosporine A (CsA)] and preservative-free artificial tears in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). " 10/22/2022 - "The aim of our study is to confirm the utility of warm compresses (WC) and artificial tears (AT) in meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) management and to understand if its association with topical cyclosporine A (CsA) improves outcomes. "
6.	Cyclosporine (Ciclosporin)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2022 - "To evaluate the efficacy of topical cyclosporin A (CsA) in obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). " 02/01/2006 - "Efficacy of commercially available topical cyclosporine A 0.05% in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction." 06/01/2018 - "Expert opinion: Topical cyclosporine A 0.1% represents a promising, novel medication for the management of DED, Meibomian gland dysfunction, and inflammatory OSD. " 10/22/2022 - "Evaluation of warm compresses and topical cyclosporine treatment in meibomian gland dysfunction by confocal scanning laser microscopy." 05/01/2022 - "Efficacy of a 0.05% cyclosporine a topical nanoemulsion in dry eyes with obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction."
7.	Detergents (Detergent)IBA 06/01/2021 - "A Novel Lid Hygiene Detergent Successfully Eliminated Demodex Mites, a Common Pathogen of Refractory Obstructive Meibomian Gland Dysfunction." 01/01/2022 - "To compare the efficacy of physiological, non-detergent eyelid wipes with conventional lid hygiene in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). " 01/01/2019 - "To investigate the efficacy of eyelid margin cleansing with lid hygiene detergent in patients with obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). " 01/01/2019 - "Effect of Eyelid Hygiene Detergent on Obstructive Meibomian Gland Dysfunction." 01/01/2022 - "Tear film lipid layer thickness measurement from Ocular Surface Analyzer as a marker to monitor treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction in a study comparing physiological detergent-free eyelid wipes with conventional therapy: A randomized trial."
8.	Hyaluronic Acid (Hyaluronan)IBA 11/08/2023 - "Age Related Changes in Hyaluronan Expression leads to Meibomian Gland Dysfunction." 01/01/2018 - "To investigate the efficacy of combined topical 0.05% cyclosporine A (CsA; Restasis®, Allergan pharmaceuticals, USA) and 0.1% sodium hyaluronate treatment in dry eyes with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). " 01/01/2020 - "To study the effect of uncrosslinked and crosslinked hyaluronic acid combined with other artificial tear components in patients with dry eye caused by moderate meibomian gland dysfunction. " 01/01/2018 - "Clinical efficacy of combined topical 0.05% cyclosporine A and 0.1% sodium hyaluronate in the dry eyes with meibomian gland dysfunction." 07/01/2018 - "Lipid-containing artificial tears seem to be superior to sodium hyaluronate-containing drops in terms of improving HO aberrations and optical quality in patients with significant MG dysfunction."
9.	Cysteine (L-Cysteine)FDA Link 08/01/2010 - "To evaluate the efficacy of topical N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) therapy in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). " 02/01/2012 - "Comparison of the efficacy of topical N-acetyl-cysteine and a topical steroid-antibiotic combination therapy in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction." 02/01/2012 - "This study aimed to compare the efficacy of topical N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) with a topical steroid-antibiotic combination, betamethasone-sulfacetamide sodium therapy in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). "
10.	Ointments (Pastes)IBA 01/01/2017 - "Eyelid cleansing with ointment for obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction." 06/07/2017 - "Clinical safety and efficacy of vitamin D3 analog ointment for treatment of obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction." 01/01/2017 - "To investigate the efficacy of eyelid margin cleansing with ofloxacin ophthalmic ointment in obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) patients. " 07/01/2023 - "Efficacy and safety of AZR-MD-001 selenium sulfide ophthalmic ointment in adults with meibomian gland dysfunction: A vehicle-controlled, randomized clinical trial." 11/01/2018 - "Treatments include tear supplements, anti-inflammatory agents, meibomian gland dysfunction management, ointment and eye patches, punctal plugs, and autologous serum eye drops. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 06/01/2021 - "Lid hygiene therapy using Eye Shampoo successfully eliminated Demodex mites, a common pathogen of refractory obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction." 04/01/2003 - "This study supports clinical experience and previous reports on warm, moist compress therapy as an effective treatment for meibomian gland dysfunction." 07/01/2021 - "To assess the therapeutic efficacy of a combinational therapy, including conventional treatment and intense pulsed light (IPL) technique on sleep quality of patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). " 07/01/2017 - "Dynamic intraductal meibomian probing is an effective and safe treatment for obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction that is resistant to traditional therapies." 07/22/2022 - "The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) therapy for meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) using the new AQUA CEL (AC, Jeisys) device and the traditional M22 (Lumenis) device. "
2.	Intense Pulsed Light Therapy 01/01/2022 - "Efficacy of five-flash intense pulsed light therapy technique in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction." 01/01/2023 - "Comparison of clinical outcomes between intense pulsed light therapy using two different filters in meibomian gland dysfunction: prospective randomized study." 01/01/2020 - "Randomised double-masked placebo-controlled trial of the cumulative treatment efficacy profile of intense pulsed light therapy for meibomian gland dysfunction." 09/13/2023 - "Over the last two decades, intense pulsed light therapy, after being well established in dermatology, has been gradually introduced to the field of ophthalmology to treat meibomian gland dysfunction. " 07/22/2022 - "Comparison of Intense Pulsed Light Therapy on Patients with Meibomian Gland Dysfunction Using AQUA CEL and M22 Devices."
3.	Low-Level Light Therapy (LLLT) 02/01/2023 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the safety and efficacy of low-level light therapy (LLLT) and intense pulsed light (IPL) for the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). " 09/13/2022 - "To evaluate the efficacy of combined Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) and Low-Level Light Therapy (LLLT) in treatment of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD). " 01/01/2022 - "To study the clinical benefit of low-level light therapy when associated with intense pulsed light for the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction. " 10/01/2023 - "Letter Regarding: Low-Level Light Therapy Versus Intense Pulse Light for the Treatment of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction." 07/01/2023 - "To compare different light-based devices, namely, intense pulsed light (IPL) and IPL with low-level light therapy (LLLT), in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). "
4.	Massage (Zone Therapy) 11/01/1990 - "Utilizing the principal diagnostic criterion of an absent or cloudy Meibomian gland secretion upon repeated expression, patients with Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) were selected to participate in a study of the efficacy of lid scrubs and massage in the treatment of MGD. " 01/01/2021 - "This study used meibography to group patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and assessed the effects of hyperthermic massage and mechanical squeezing in both groups. " 12/01/2019 - "Randomised trial of the clinical utility of an eyelid massage device for the management of meibomian gland dysfunction." 04/01/2023 - "Evaluate the efficacy and safety of LipiFlow® thermal pulsation treatment system compared with lid massage combined warm compress in Chinese patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). " 05/01/2022 - "An investigation into the effects of ocular nebulization combined with meibomian gland massage on ocular surface status and corneal higher-order aberrations for the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction."
5.	Contact Lenses 11/14/2023 - "This study investigated the equivocal association between contact lens (CL) wear and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) by comparing the morphological, functional and subjective outcomes of CL wearers versus control, non-CL wearers. " 01/01/2022 - "This study aimed to evaluate the structural changes in meibomian glands (MGs) and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD)-associated ocular surface alterations in contact lens (CL) wearers. " 03/01/1996 - "The study therefore could not prove that contact lens wear is a contributing factor to Meibomian gland dysfunction." 03/01/1996 - "The results of the study showed that Meibomian gland dysfunction exists in 43% of the population (lens wearers and nonlens wearers), 49% of the contact lens wearing population (81 subjects), and 39% of nonlens wearers (150 subjects). " 01/01/1994 - "The purpose of this study was to explore the interrelations among contact lens wear, use of eye make up, eye rubbing, and Meibomian gland dysfunction. "