Dry Eye Syndromes (Dry Eye Syndrome)

Corneal and conjunctival dryness due to deficient tear production, predominantly in menopausal and post-menopausal women. Filamentary keratitis or erosion of the conjunctival and corneal epithelium may be caused by these disorders. Sensation of the presence of a foreign body in the eye and burning of the eyes may occur.

Also Known As:

Networked: 5665 relevant articles (849 outcomes, 1080 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Inflammation (Inflammations)
2.	Dry Eye Syndromes (Dry Eye Syndrome)
3.	Meibomian Gland Dysfunction
4.	Cataract (Cataracts)
5.	Graft vs Host Disease (Graft-Versus-Host Disease)

Experts

1.	Tsubota, Kazuo: 127 articles (01/2022 - 08/2002)
2.	Pflugfelder, Stephen C: 79 articles (01/2022 - 01/2002)
3.	Dogru, Murat: 59 articles (01/2022 - 11/2003)
4.	Baudouin, Christophe: 57 articles (10/2022 - 01/2002)
5.	Tong, Louis: 55 articles (04/2022 - 10/2005)
6.	Dana, Reza: 47 articles (01/2022 - 05/2006)
7.	Yokoi, Norihiko: 41 articles (01/2022 - 01/2002)
8.	Yoon, Kyung Chul: 40 articles (12/2021 - 11/2012)
9.	Galor, Anat: 37 articles (01/2022 - 09/2011)
10.	Kinoshita, Shigeru: 34 articles (02/2021 - 01/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Dry Eye Syndromes:

1.	Ophthalmic Solutions (Eye Drops)IBA 01/01/2021 - "In the present work we have evaluated the efficacy of nine proprietary ophthalmic solutions with and without preservatives (ASDA Dry Eyes Eyedrops, Miren®, ODM5®, Ectodol®, Systane® Complete, Ocudox®, Matrix Ocular®, Alins® and Coqun®) against the two life cycle stages of three Acanthamoeba strains. " 09/10/2015 - "Despite less frequent dosing, the Dex-NW has comparable therapeutic efficacy to topically applied Dex eye drops in experimental mouse dry eye model, and these results provide a strong rationale for translation to human clinical trials for dry eye." 10/25/2023 - "Cord plasma eye drops significantly improved kerato-epitheliopathy staining scores in recalcitrant dry eye patients. " 11/26/2022 - "Conclusion: A new-generation multiple-action ophthalmic solution was safe and clinically effective in the treatment of moderate and severe dry eye, with significant improvements in the main ocular surface parameters." 01/01/2022 - "However, no significant difference regarding the efficacy of both eyedrops at the end of 6 months treatment of severe dry eyes of Sjögren syndrome patients. "
2.	Lubricant Eye Drops (Artificial Tears)IBA 08/01/2015 - "The artificial tears statistically significantly improved VAS-assessed dry-eye symptoms in the study group compared with the control group at 5 weeks (P < .001). " 01/01/2016 - "At 12 weeks, each dry eye symptom improved significantly (P<0.001), and the use of artificial tears decreased significantly from 3.77 (standard deviation [SD] =2.08) at baseline to 3.45 (SD =1.72) (P<0.01). " 10/01/2002 - "Significant improvement in SRI, SAI, PVA, and contrast sensitivity were found after instillation of artificial tears in dry eyes with punctate epithelial keratopathy." 03/01/2001 - "The use of artificial tears with an adequate anti-oxidative effect may be beneficial in the treatment of dry eyes caused by environmental factors. " 04/01/2000 - "CsA 0.05% treatment also gave significantly greater improvements (P < 0.05) in three subjective measures of dry eye disease (blurred vision, need for concomitant artificial tears, and the physician's evaluation of global response to treatment). "
3.	Cyclosporine (Ciclosporin)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2014 - "Cyclosporine A (CsA) is considered a potentially effective treatment for dry eye syndrome (DES), which is now one of the most common ocular problems whose exact mechanism is unknown. " 06/22/2022 - "These therapeutic CLs display excellent therapeutic efficacy, showing an increase in cyclosporin A (CsA) bioavailability of at least 82% when compared to the commercial pharmacologic treatment for dry eye syndrome. " 08/01/2016 - "The optimal concentration of the TNF-α blocker HL036337 for treatment of dry eye induced corneal erosion was determined to be 1 mg/mL. Dry eye induced corneal erosion was improved after 1 week with topically applied cyclosporine A and HL036337 at 1 mg/mL. HL036337 administered topically at 1 mg/mL effectively improved corneal erosion induced by dry eye. " 03/01/2013 - "Topical cyclosporine was beneficial in the treatment of severe dry eye disease in liver transplanted patients with FAP." 08/01/2010 - "In addition, compared with the vehicle, cyclosporine significantly improved 2 objective dry eye disease signs: corneal staining at weeks 4 (P = 0.025) and 8 (P = 0.050) and the Schirmer test at week 4 (P = 0.035). "
4.	Hyaluronic Acid (Hyaluronan)IBA 07/01/2012 - "Sodium hyaluronate has a beneficial effect on the conjunctival epithelium in a well-defined and homogeneous population of patients with dry eye and can be considered useful for the treatment of dry eye." 07/03/2018 - "PRP injection is safe and effective in improving tear parameters as well as subjective parameters, and was found to be superior to hyaluronic acid alone in the management of patients with severe dry eye. " 07/01/1997 - "This study suggests that hyaluronan is effective in the treatment of corneal epithelial disruption in dry eye." 10/02/2022 - "Preliminary findings suggest that combined topical Hyaluronic Acid 0.2% and arnica extract 0.1% can be effective in reducing symptoms and signs of dry eye disease in children." 08/01/1993 - "These results indicate that sodium hyaluronate solutions at concentrations of at least 0.1% can be effective in alleviating symptoms of dry eye."
5.	diquafosolIBA 07/01/2012 - "Diquafosol was effective in the treatment of dry eye disease at an optimal dose of 3% six times a day. " 01/01/2016 - "This study also demonstrated that diquafosol treatment is beneficial for TBUT improvement in SS, while it is beneficial for OSS improvement in non-SS dry eye patients." 12/01/2014 - "Although no significant change in HOAs was observed as a short-term effect of a single-drop instillation of diquafosol, long-term use of diquafosol to treat aqueous-deficient dry eye reduced HOAs as well as improved corneal epithelial damage and tear film stability." 11/01/2014 - "Diquafosol was effective for various dry eye patients in clinical practice, and no significant safety-related problems occurred." 06/01/2015 - "Topical diquafosol seems to be a safe therapeutic option for the treatment of dry eye. "
6.	Fluorescein (Funduscein)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2022 - "Dry eye symptoms improved in the population, with both SPEED and OSDI lowering of dry eye symptoms by approximately 35% (P < .001) at month 6. Significant improvements in lissamine green conjunctival staining, corneal fluorescein staining, TBUT, osmolarity, and secreting meibomian glands and meibum quality were also seen. " 07/01/2022 - "Between the groups, there was a significantly better improvement in tear film osmolarity (ANOVA, P<0.001), Lissamine green staining score (ANOVA, P=0.002), corneal fluorescein staining (ANOVA, P=0.011), dry eye symptoms (ANOVA, P=0.040) and Schirmer test scores (ANOVA, P=0.001) with CAs 0.09%. " 07/01/2022 - "Within the groups, there was a significant improvement (ANOVA, P<0.05) in tear film osmolarity, lissamine green staining score, dry eye symptom score, corneal fluorescein staining and Schirmer test scores over 3 months of intervention. " 10/01/2019 - "Breath H2 concentration, fluorescein tear film breakup time (fTBUT), Schirmer's test, 8-OHdG concentration in tears, reported ocular symptoms using the dry eye-related QOL score questionnaire, and the visual analogue scale were assessed at weeks 0 and 3. Change in fTBUT in the H2-producing milk group was significantly greater than that in the placebo group. " 04/01/2013 - "Preoperative and postoperative results in the total sample were also compared; statistically significantly different results were observed in fluorescein break-up time and dry eye symptoms at 1.5 months, which showed improvement thereafter. "
7.	SolutionsIBA 10/01/2010 - "The main objective was to evaluate the efficacy of CsA aqueous solution in the reduction of signs and symptoms in patients with moderate to severe dry eye disease. " 12/01/2008 - "By reducing the osmolarity of tear film, the hypotonic solution not only improves the characteristics of tear film and the vitality of the epithelial cells of the cornea and conjunctiva but also proves to be effective in reducing dry eye symptoms." 10/01/2023 - "If a patient has permanent and severe dry eye disease and responded well to a trial of temporary punctal plugging, a permanent surgical solution should be considered next. " 04/20/2023 - "The present study provides a solution to the pathogenesis of postoperative dry eyes. " 10/01/2022 - "The main objective of our study is to find a solution to manage the dry eye disease (DED) preferably from natural source without any adverse events. "
8.	EmulsionsIBA 11/01/2012 - "Cationic emulsions (CEs), developed as vehicles for lipophilic drugs, have been shown to be safe and effective for the treatment of dry eye. " 12/01/2008 - "CsA emulsion is approved by the FDA for the treatment of dry eye, while clinical trials of this agent have demonstrated efficacy and safety of CsA. " 01/01/2015 - "A single-center, open-label study consisting of two visits over the course of approximately 2 weeks was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Retaine™ ophthalmic emulsion in improving the signs and symptoms of dry eye. " 10/01/2014 - "Ocular tolerability and efficacy of a cationic emulsion in patients with mild to moderate dry eye disease - a randomised comparative study." 11/04/2016 - "Efficacy and safety of a cationic emulsion in the treatment of moderate to severe dry eye disease: a randomized controlled study."
9.	LipidsIBA 03/27/2023 - "The results suggest that Lehfilcon A significantly reduced lipid and aqueous tear film volume but improved break-up time and subjective dry eye symptoms." 01/01/2014 - "Optive Plus(®) was well tolerated and effective in reducing the signs and symptoms of all types of dry eye but is recommended for lipid-deficient dry eye patients." 09/01/2013 - "Improved tearscopy with computed analysis of interference digital images ("Lacrima" software) enables evaluation of lipid layer thickness and structure in normal and impaired tear film (like in dry eye syndrome), as well as the influence of different factors and therapeutic measures. " 03/01/2023 - "Rohto Dry Aid, with its support of the lipid layer, is an effective and safe treatment agent that can improve both ocular surface and IVCM findings in evaporative dry eye cases with MGD." 01/01/2018 - "A recent randomized trial also highlighted the potential for eye cosmetic wear to compromise the efficacy of lipid-based dry eye supplements. "
10.	MucinsIBA 07/01/2001 - "This supports previous reports that corneal epithelial cells produce mucin and suggests that treatment with topical 15-(S)-HETE may be effective in treating ocular surface mucin deficiency in dry eye syndrome." 08/01/2008 - "In view of the mucin involvement in dry eye conditions, stimulation of mucus secretion pathways may hold promise in the pharmaceutical treatment of dry eye." 08/01/2022 - "This study demonstrated that a single administration of OC-01 0.06 mg VNS in patients with dry eye disease reduced conjunctival goblet cell area and perimeter, suggesting goblet cell degranulation and associated release of lubricating mucin. " 01/01/2019 - "This review aims to summarize current knowledge about mucin production at the ocular surface in healthy individuals and in dry eye disease, and to compile an overview of mouse models available for the study of mucins in dry eye disease." 01/01/2018 - "This animal model could be used to study dry eye disease, especially the mucin-deficiency subtype."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 03/29/2007 - "All treatments demonstrated optimal tolerability and are suitable for frequent use in the therapy of dry eye.TSP 1% produced promising results in terms of improvements in certain patient symptoms and suggests benefits of the TSP formulation. " 04/01/2023 - "The findings suggest that IPL therapy is clinically beneficial in ameliorating the signs and symptoms of severe evaporative dry eye disease." 12/01/2022 - "Conclusions: Monotherapy with CsA or DQS and CsA/DQS combination therapy all significantly improved the objective signs and symptoms of dry eyes during 12 weeks of treatment. " 10/01/2022 - "After surgery, significant improvement was achieved in dry-eye symptoms as well as both corneal and conjunctival staining scores in 29 eyes on reduced topical therapy. " 06/01/2021 - "Adequate dry eye syndrome and massive demodicosis therapy significantly reduced the number of Demodex mites and improved the patient's condition. "
2.	Contact Lenses 10/01/1994 - "Currently used diagnostic tests, such as the Schirmer strip test or the time for tear film breakup, are not very effective in identifying the dry eye patient who may have trouble wearing a contact lens. " 01/01/2016 - "This protocol will be effective in future studies to reveal undocumented details of the LW area, such as assessing cellular particularities of contact lens wearers or patients with dry eye or lid wiper epitheliopathy." 01/01/2012 - "Potential of impression cytology in diagnosis and evaluation of efficacy of pharmacological correction of dry eye syndrome (DES) associated with contact lens wearing was studied. " 01/01/2012 - "[Potential of impression cytology in diagnosis and evaluation of efficacy of pharmacological correction of dry eye syndrome associated with contact lens wearing]." 10/26/2022 - "Lehfilcon A suggested an improvement in contact lens wearers with tear film instability or decreased subjective symptoms of dry eye disease."
3.	Laser In Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK) 01/01/2023 - "Additional DQS significantly improved corneal sensitivity in patients without preoperative dry eye symptoms at 1 month after FS-LASIK (p = 0.041). " 01/01/2018 - "Both procedures are effective and safe, but SMILE surgery achieve more stable long-term refractive outcome and better control of early postoperative dry eye as compared to FS-LASIK." 01/01/2014 - "A better understanding of this phenomenon may result in improved management of post-LASIK dry eye." 05/01/2003 - "Corneal sensation and dry eye signs and symptoms decreased immediately after LASIK and improved at all time periods between 1 week and 6 months in eyes with both a nasal-hinge flap and a superior-hinge flap. " 01/01/2022 - "Patient-reported dry eye symptoms improved after both LASIK and SMILE procedures."
4.	Punctal Plugs 03/01/2004 - "Punctal occlusion using punctal plugs is very effective for the treatment of tear-deficient dry eye. " 07/01/1989 - "Punctal plug insertion is therapeutic for dry eye disease, but extrusion is a significant problem." 08/01/2015 - "These data will allow us to guide patient decision making for the safe and effective treatment of punctal plugs for moderate to severe dry eye." 01/01/2022 - "Our study revealed that dry eye symptoms and signs, including meibomian gland function, improved for at least 6 months in non-SS dry eye patients as well as in SS dry eye patients after punctal plugs insertion." 01/01/2012 - "To evaluate the safety and efficacy of punctal plugs in children with dry eye syndrome. "
5.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 06/22/2022 - "Although a part of MGD status improved (p < 0.050), all items regarding dry eye status did not change significantly after treatment (p > 0.050). " 08/01/2006 - "After 1 week of treatment, subjective symptoms were improved in all dry eye patients; objective tests were improved in all dry eye patients 1 month after treatment, and the difference was significant. " 02/01/2011 - "Both the SH and CMC groups showed statistically significant improvements in corneal and conjunctival staining sum scores, tear film breakup time, and dry eye symptom score at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment initiation. " 10/01/2022 - "OSDI, dry eye, and MGD parameters at 1 month and 3 months after treatment were found to be improved in both groups. " 01/01/2021 - "Optical quality in patients with dry eye improved after treatment. "