Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus behind the
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, is a type of RNA virus that is nonsegmented.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) increase the mortality risk of patients. In this review article, we overview the existing evidence regarding the potential mechanisms of myocardial damage in
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Having a comprehensive knowledge of the cardiovascular damage caused by SARS-CoV-2 and its underlying mechanisms is essential for providing prompt and efficient treatment, ultimately leading to a reduction in mortality rates. Severe
COVID-19 causes
acute respiratory distress syndrome and
shock in patients. In addition, awareness regarding
COVID-19 cardiovascular manifestations has increased, including the adverse impact on prognosis with cardiovascular involvement.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor may play a role in acute myocardial injury caused by
SARS-CoV-2 infection.
COVID-19 patients experiencing
heart failure may have their condition exacerbated by various contributing factors and mechanisms. Increased
oxygen demand,
myocarditis,
stress cardiomyopathy, elevated pulmonary pressures, and
venous thrombosis are potential health issues. The combination of these factors may lead to COVID-19-related
cardiogenic shock, resulting in acute
systolic heart failure.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and left
ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are treatment options when inotropic support fails for effective circulatory support. To ensure effective COVID-19-related
cardiovascular disease (CVD) surveillance, it is crucial to closely monitor the future host adaptation, viral evolution, and transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2, given the virus's pandemic potential.