[Main Syndrome and Antibody Effects of Autoimmune Encephalitis Caused by Antineuronal Surface Antibodies: An Update].

Abstract

Since the discovery of a series of antineuronal surface antibodies (NSAs), the diagnostic approach and management of patients with autoimmune encephalitis (AE) and related disorders have undergone a "paradigm shift." However, recent topics described below are also announcing the dawn of the next era in the practice of patients with AE. As the clinical spectrum of NSA-associated AE expands, some types of AE (e.g., anti-DPPX antibody-associated and anti-IgLON5 antibody-associated disorders) can be misclassified into reconsider diagnosis when using the previously published diagnostic criteria. Nobel active immunization animal models of NSA-associated disorders (e.g., anti-NMDAR encephalitis model) can remarkably emphasize the understanding of the pathophysiological effects and main syndrome induced by NSAs. Additionally, several international clinical trials (e.g., rituximab, inebilizumab, ocrelizumab, bortezomib, and rozanolixizumab) for AE treatments, including anti-NMDAR encephalitis, have been implemented. Data from these clinical trials can be used to establish the best treatment of AE.

• Authors: Makoto Hara, Hideto Nakajima
• Journal: Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo (Brain Nerve) Vol. 75 Issue 6 Pg. 695-703 (Jun 2023) ISSN: 1881-6096 [Print] Japan
• PMID: 37287352 (Publication Type: English Abstract, Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Autoantibodies

Topics

• Animals
• Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis (drug therapy)
• Hashimoto Disease
• Autoantibodies