Poor solubility is a major challenge that can limit the oral bioavailability of many drugs, including
delamanid, a weakly basic nitro-dihydro-imidazooxazole derivative used to treat
tuberculosis. Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) can improve the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble compounds, yet
drug crystallization is a potential failure mechanism, particularly as the
drug loading increases. The goal of the current study was two-fold: to enhance the stability of amorphous
delamanid against crystallization and to improve drug release by developing ASDs containing the
salt form of the
drug. Various sulfonate
salts of
delamanid were prepared in amorphous form and evaluated for their tendency to crystallize and undergo chemical degradation following storage at 40 °C/75% relative humidity. Drug release was evaluated by a two-stage dissolution test consisting of an initial low pH stage, followed by transfer to a higher pH medium. For ASDs of the free base, small amounts of crystallinity during preparation were found to limit the drug release.
Delamanid salts with
sulfonic acids showed considerably improved amorphous stability. Tosylate, besylate, edisylate, and
mesylate salts had high glass transition temperatures as well as good chemical and physical stability. In addition, a remarkable improvement in the drug release was observed when ASDs were prepared with these
salts in comparison to the free base form. Specifically, ASDs with
hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP) at 25%
drug loading exhibited near-complete drug release for all four sulfonate
salts. These findings suggest that the dual strategy combining
salt formation with ASD formation is a promising approach to alter the crystallization tendency and to improve drug release of problematic poorly water-soluble compounds.