Antazoline is an antihistaminic
drug that is effective in the termination of
paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Despite its long presence in the market,
antazoline's ADME parameters and pharmacokinetic effects in humans are poorly characterized. The objective of this study was to fill this gap by generation of in vitro and in vivo data and the development of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model describing
antazoline and its main metabolite disposition. A set of ADME parameters for the
antazoline and its hydroxy metabolite is provided based on literature data, QSAR predictions, in vitro binding and metabolic stability assays. These can be used to feed PBPK models. In our current work, the developed PBPK model simulating simultaneously the pharmacokinetic profile of
antazoline and its metabolite was successfully verified against the available clinical data and the presented capability to account for the clinically observed variability. When used to feed the PD model (e.g., simulating ECG), concentration-time profiles predicted by the model enable the assessment of
antazoline's effect in various clinical scenarios with the possibility to account for population differences or CP mediated
drug-drug interactions.