Genetic characterization of advanced conjunctival melanoma and response to systemic treatment.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Conjunctival melanoma is a rare type of ocular melanoma, which is prone to local recurrence and metastasis and can lead to patient death. Novel therapeutic strategies have revolutionized cutaneous melanoma management. The efficacy of these therapies in conjunctival melanoma, however, has not been evaluated in larger patient cohorts.

METHODS:

In this multi-center retrospective cohort study with additional screening of the ADOREG database, data were collected from 34 patients with metastatic conjunctival melanoma who received targeted therapy (TT) (BRAF ± MEK inhibitors) or immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) (anti-PD-1 ± anti-CTLA4). In 15 cases, tissue was available for targeted next-generation-sequencing (611 genes) and RNA sequencing. Driver mutations, tumor mutational burden, copy number variations and inflammatory/IFNγ gene expression signatures were determined.

RESULTS:

Genetic characterization identified frequent BRAF (46.7%, 7/15), NRAS (26.7%, 4/15), NF1 (20%, 3/15), and TERT promoter (46.7%, 7/15) mutations. UV associated C>T and CC>TT mutations were common. Median follow-up time after start of first TT or ICI therapy was 13.2 months. In 26 patients receiving first-line ICI, estimated one-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate was 42.0%, PFS and overall survival (OS) 6.2 and 18.0 months, respectively. First-line TT was given to 8 patients, estimated one-year PFS rate was 54.7%, median PFS and OS 12.6 and 29.1 months, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our findings support the role of UV irradiation in conjunctival melanoma and the genetic similarity with cutaneous melanoma. Conjunctival melanoma patients with advanced disease benefit from both targeted therapies (BRAF ± MEK inhibitors) and immune checkpoint inhibitors.

• Authors: Georg C Lodde, Philipp Jansen, Inga Möller, Antje Sucker, Jessica C Hassel, Andrea Forschner, Julia Eckardt, Friedegund Meier, Lydia Reinhardt, Katharina C Kähler, Mirjana Ziemer, Max Schlaak, Farnaz Rahimi, Kerstin Schatton, Frank Meiss, Ralf Gutzmer, Claudia Pföhler, Patrick Terheyden, Bastian Schilling, Michael Sachse, Markus V Heppt, Anca Sindrilaru, Ulrike Leiter, Anne Zaremba, Carl M Thielmann, Selma Ugurel, Lisa Zimmer, Eva Hadaschik, Nikolaos E Bechrakis, Dirk Schadendorf, Henrike Westekemper, Elisabeth Livingstone, Klaus G Griewank, German Dermatologic Cooperative Oncology Group (DeCOG, committee ocular melanoma)
• Journal: European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990) (Eur J Cancer) Vol. 166 Pg. 60-72 (05 2022) ISSN: 1879-0852 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 35279471 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Multicenter Study)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
• Protein Kinase Inhibitors
• Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf
• Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases

Topics

• Conjunctiva (pathology)
• DNA Copy Number Variations
• Eye Neoplasms (drug therapy, genetics)
• Humans
• Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
• Melanoma (drug therapy, genetics)
• Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases
• Mutation
• Protein Kinase Inhibitors (therapeutic use)
• Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf (genetics)
• Retrospective Studies
• Skin Neoplasms (pathology)
• Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant