Targeting Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1: Fighting Cancers via Dormancy Regulation.

Abstract

The connection between indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and tumour dormancy - a quiescent state of tumour cells which has been consistently linked to metastasis and cancer recurrence - is rarely discussed despite the pivotal role of IDO1 in cancer development and progression. Whilst the underlying mechanisms of IDO1-mediated dormancy are elusive, we summarize the IDO1 pathways which potentially contribute to dormancy in this review. Critically, distinct IDO1 activities are involved in dormancy initiation and maintenance; factors outside the well-studied IDO1/kynurenine/aryl hydrocarbon receptor axis, including the mammalian target of rapamycin and general control nonderepressible 2, appear to be implicated in dormancy. We also discuss various strategies for cancer treatment via regulating IDO1-dependent dormancy and suggest the application of nanotechnology to deliver effective treatment.

• Authors: Chao Yang, Chan-Tat Ng, Dan Li, Lei Zhang
• Journal: Frontiers in immunology (Front Immunol) Vol. 12 Pg. 725204 ( 2021) ISSN: 1664-3224 [Electronic] Switzerland
• PMID: 34539663 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Review)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2021 Yang, Ng, Li and Zhang.

Chemical References

• AHR protein, human
• Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors
• IDO1 protein, human
• Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase
• Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon
• Kynurenine
• Tryptophan

Topics

• Animals
• Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors (metabolism)
• Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
• Humans
• Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase (physiology)
• Kynurenine (chemistry)
• Neoplasms (enzymology)
• Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon (metabolism)
• Signal Transduction
• Tryptophan (chemistry)