Epigenetic control of melanoma cell invasiveness by the stem cell factor SALL4.

Abstract

Melanoma cells rely on developmental programs during tumor initiation and progression. Here we show that the embryonic stem cell (ESC) factor Sall4 is re-expressed in the Tyr::NrasQ61K; Cdkn2a-/- melanoma model and that its expression is necessary for primary melanoma formation. Surprisingly, while Sall4 loss prevents tumor formation, it promotes micrometastases to distant organs in this melanoma-prone mouse model. Transcriptional profiling and in vitro assays using human melanoma cells demonstrate that SALL4 loss induces a phenotype switch and the acquisition of an invasive phenotype. We show that SALL4 negatively regulates invasiveness through interaction with the histone deacetylase (HDAC) 2 and direct co-binding to a set of invasiveness genes. Consequently, SALL4 knock down, as well as HDAC inhibition, promote the expression of an invasive signature, while inhibition of histone acetylation partially reverts the invasiveness program induced by SALL4 loss. Thus, SALL4 appears to regulate phenotype switching in melanoma through an HDAC2-mediated mechanism.

• Authors: Johanna Diener, Arianna Baggiolini, Mattias Pernebrink, Damian Dalcher, Luigi Lerra, Phil F Cheng, Sandra Varum, Jessica Häusel, Salome Stierli, Mathias Treier, Lorenz Studer, Konrad Basler, Mitchell P Levesque, Reinhard Dummer, Raffaella Santoro, Claudio Cantù, Lukas Sommer
• Journal: Nature communications (Nat Commun) Vol. 12 Issue 1 Pg. 5056 (08 20 2021) ISSN: 2041-1723 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 34417458 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: © 2021. The Author(s).

Chemical References

• DNA-Binding Proteins
• Histones
• SALL4 protein, human
• Sall4 protein, mouse
• Stem Cell Factor
• Transcription Factors
• HDAC2 protein, human
• Histone Deacetylase 2

Topics

• Acetylation
• Animals
• Base Sequence
• Carcinogenesis (genetics, pathology)
• Cell Adhesion (genetics)
• Cell Line, Tumor
• Cell Lineage
• Cell Proliferation
• DNA-Binding Proteins (metabolism)
• Epigenesis, Genetic
• Gene Expression Profiling
• Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
• Histone Deacetylase 2 (metabolism)
• Histones (metabolism)
• Humans
• Melanocytes (metabolism, pathology)
• Melanoma (genetics, pathology)
• Mice, Nude
• Mice, Transgenic
• Neoplasm Invasiveness
• Neoplasm Micrometastasis
• Protein Binding
• Skin Neoplasms (genetics, pathology)
• Stem Cell Factor (metabolism)
• Transcription Factors (metabolism)
• Tumor Burden
• Mice