Immunotherapy has arisen in use in the field of oncology with seven
immune checkpoint inhibitors approved for the treatment of a variety of
cancer histologies. Depending on the
cancer type, the success rate might be different, but in average it is about 20%, with some cases showing a durable response, lasting also after the interruption of the treatment, with a clear benefit on OS. The development of an efficacious cure for advanced
thyroid carcinomas is still an unmet need and
immunotherapy represents an interesting alternative option also for this
cancer. However, very few clinical trials have been accomplished and very few studies exploring a way to overcome resistance have been performed. In this review, we will summarize the mechanisms of immune escape, with a special reference to follicular-derived
thyroid carcinoma. Furthermore, we will try to speculate on the use of
immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of follicular-derived advanced
thyroid carcinoma. Finally, we will summarize the ongoing clinical trials and the future directions of the field.