Refractive change in children with accommodative esotropia.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

To determine whether there is a measurable change in hyperopia in children with accommodative esotropia over time.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS:

A retrospective cohort of children with fully or partially accommodative esotropia diagnosed by age 7 years, followed to age 10 or older, and with at least two cycloplegic refractions, one before age 7 years and one after age 10 years. The annual change was calculated from linear mixed-effect models, overall and during two age periods with subgroup analysis by baseline refractive error (<4D, ≥4D) and type (partial, full) of accommodative esotropia.

RESULTS:

405 subjects were studied. Mean age at first and last visit was 3.2 and 12.1 years, respectively, with mean 7.6 cycloplegic refractions. The annual change (95% CI) in refractive error was -0.071 (-0.087 to -0.055) D/yr. Between ages 3 and 7, hyperopia among children with baseline hyperopia <4D increased by 0.12 (0.08 to 0.16) D/yr, while hyperopia among those with baseline 4D or greater was stable (0.0D/yr, -0.03 to 0.04) (p<0.001). Hyperopia decreased from age 7 to 15 years in both subgroups: <4D subgroup -0.17 (-0.20 to -0.14) D/yr, ≥4D subgroup -0.18 (-0.21 to -0.15) D/yr (p=0.58). There was no significant difference in refractive change between fully (n=274) and partially (n=131) accommodative esotropia (p≥0.10).

CONCLUSION:

Hyperopia in children with accommodative esotropia is stable or increases up to age 7 years, depending on baseline hyperopia, but decreases gradually between ages 7 and 15 years regardless of baseline refractive error.

• Authors: Lucas Bonafede, Lloyd Bender, James Shaffer, Gui-Shuang Ying, Gil Binenbaum
• Journal: The British journal of ophthalmology (Br J Ophthalmol) Vol. 104 Issue 9 Pg. 1283-1287 (09 2020) ISSN: 1468-2079 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 31806647 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

Topics

• Accommodation, Ocular (physiology)
• Adolescent
• Child
• Child, Preschool
• Esotropia (physiopathology)
• Female
• Follow-Up Studies
• Humans
• Hyperopia (physiopathology)
• Infant
• Male
• Refraction, Ocular (physiology)
• Retrospective Studies
• Vision Tests
• Visual Acuity (physiology)