A retrospective comparison of allogenic and autologous chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy targeting CD19 in patients with relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Abstract

The source of CAR T cells can be autologous (autoCAR) or allogeneic (alloCAR). The latter is seen in patients with a history of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and can be either donor-derived (DD-alloCAR) or recipient-derived (RD-alloCAR). While autoCAR is activated by CAR only, alloCAR receives activation signals from both T-cell receptor (TCR) and CAR. As a result, the biological differences could impact clinical outcomes. We retrospectively reviewed 31 patients: 17 received autoCAR, 11 received RD-alloCAR, and 3 received DD-alloCAR. After a median follow-up of 9 months, CR rate was 88.2% (95% CI 63.6-98.5%) in autoCAR and 100% (95% CI 71.5-100%) in RD-alloCAR. The median peak expansion in the autoCAR was significantly higher than the RD-alloCAR group (p = 0.007). RD-alloCAR group had significantly less patients with severe CRS (Grade ≥ 3) than the autoCAR group (p = 0.049). Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) occurred in 2 (18.2%) of RD-alloCAR patients and 1 (33.3%) of DD-alloCAR patients. Univariate subgroup analysis of alloCAR group showed the presence of cGVHD at the time of T-cell collection was significantly associated with less than 6-month relapses (p = 0.022). RD-alloCAR patients with or without cGVHD at PBMC collection did not differ regarding the peak CAR T-cell expansion, CRS grades and OS.

• Authors: Yongxian Hu, Jiasheng Wang, Guoqing Wei, Jian Yu, Yi Luo, Jimin Shi, Wenjun Wu, Kui Zhao, Lei Xiao, Yanlei Zhang, Zhao Wu, Huijun Xu, Alex Hongsheng Chang, He Huang
• Journal: Bone marrow transplantation (Bone Marrow Transplant) Vol. 54 Issue 8 Pg. 1208-1217 (08 2019) ISSN: 1476-5365 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 30518980 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Antigens, CD19
• Receptors, Chimeric Antigen

Topics

• Antigens, CD19 (immunology)
• Female
• Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (methods)
• Humans
• Male
• Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma (genetics, pathology)
• Receptors, Chimeric Antigen (metabolism)
• Recurrence
• Retrospective Studies
• T-Lymphocytes (immunology)
• Transplantation Conditioning (methods)
• Transplantation, Homologous (methods)