Hypothermia due to anaesthetic-induced impairment of thermoregulatory control and exposure to a cool environment is common in surgical patients. Peripheral vasodilation due to neuroaxial blockade may aggravate
hypothermia. There is few data on perioperative
hypothermia in patients undergoing thoracic surgery under combined general and
regional anesthesia. We reviewed all thoracic surgical patients between 2006 and 2011 to determine the incidence and extent of
hypothermia with or without an
epidural anesthesia and evaluated its effect.Around 339 patients underwent lung resection procedures with intraoperative forced-air warming: 197 with general and
epidural anesthesia (GA + EPI), 199 with
general anesthesia alone (GA). Statistical analyses were performed to determine the association between
hypothermia (T < 36°C) and transfusion requirements,
length of stay (LOS) in the intensive care unit (ICU), hospital LOS, and in hospital mortality.The overall incidence of
hypothermia was 64.3%. Multivariate regression analysis revealed three significant risk factors for the development of
hypothermia: long induction time (P = .011), small body surface area (P = .003), and application of more fluid intraoperatively (P < .001). Factors determining the extent of
hypothermia were: receiving an open
thoracotomy (P = .009), placement and use of an epidural
catheter (P = .002), and a lower body mass index (BMI) (P < .001). Additional
epidural anesthesia reduced core temperature by 0.26°C (95% CI -0.414 to -0.095°C, P < .05). There was no difference in transfusion requirements, ICU LOS or mortality between both groups. Hospital LOS was longer in patients with
hypothermia.More than half of all thoracic patients suffered from
hypothermia. A long induction time, small body surface area, and large intraoperative fluid application were independent risk factors for the development of perioperative
hypothermia. Additional
epidural anesthesia to
general anesthesia did not increase the incidence of
hypothermia but decreased body core temperature to an-albeit not clinically significant-degree. Patients scheduled for thoracic surgery will probably benefit from an additional period of prewarming prior to induction to reduce the high incidence of perioperative
hypothermia.