Andrology is a constantly evolving discipline, embracing social problems like
pedophilia and its pharmacological treatment. With regard to chemical
castration, the andrologist may perform an important role as part of a team of specialists. At present, no knowledge is available regarding hormonal, chromosomal or genetic alterations involved in
pedophilia. International legislation primarily aims to defend childhood, but does not provide for compulsory treatment. We reviewed international literature that, at present, only comprises a few reports on research concerning
androgen deprivation. Most of these refer to the use of
leuprolide acetate, rather than
medroxyprogesterone and
cyproterone acetate, which present a larger number of side effects. Current opinions on chemical
castration for
pedophilia are discordant. Some surveys confirm that
therapy reduces sexual thoughts and fantasies, especially in recidivism. On the other hand, some authors report that chemical
castration does not modify the pedophile's personality. In our opinion, once existing legislation has changed, andrologists could play a significant role in the selection of patients to receive
androgen deprivation
therapy, due in part to their knowledge about its action and side effects.