Abstract | BACKGROUND: DESIGN: Retrospective chart review at university-affiliated hospital. PARTICIPANTS: METHODS: Inclusion criteria included patients treated with at least one annual botulinum toxin-A injection for more than 10 consecutive years. Data collected included diagnoses and patient characteristics, injection dates, doses administered at each visit, response scores, duration of effect, and adverse events. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Included changes in doses, response scores, duration of effects, and adverse events between the first and last botulinum toxin A injections. RESULTS: Thirty-two of 64 patients (mean age at first injection, 57.2 ± 12.4 years; 25 women) met the inclusion criteria. The mean duration of follow up was 14.1 ± 3.1 years (range 10-20 years; mean total visits 44.4 ± 19). A higher mean injection dose per visit was administered during the last year compared with the first year (26.8 ± 10.3 vs. 22.5 ± 7.5 units, respectively) (P = 0.003). The mean durations of effect during the first and last years were 12.4 ± 7.1 and 14.6 ± 7.0 weeks, respectively (P = 0.076). There were no significant differences between genders or between benign essential blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm subgroups. The most common adverse events were ptosis, lagophthalmos and dry eye. CONCLUSIONS:
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Authors | Osama H Ababneh, Altug Cetinkaya, Dwight R Kulwin |
Journal | Clinical & experimental ophthalmology
(Clin Exp Ophthalmol)
Vol. 42
Issue 3
Pg. 254-61
(Apr 2014)
ISSN: 1442-9071 [Electronic] Australia |
PMID | 23844601
(Publication Type: Journal Article)
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Copyright | © 2013 Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. |
Chemical References |
- Neuromuscular Agents
- Botulinum Toxins, Type A
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Topics |
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Blepharospasm
(drug therapy, physiopathology)
- Botulinum Toxins, Type A
(adverse effects, therapeutic use)
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Hemifacial Spasm
(drug therapy, physiopathology)
- Humans
- Injections, Subcutaneous
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neuromuscular Agents
(adverse effects, therapeutic use)
- Retrospective Studies
- Treatment Outcome
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