CXCL16 contributes to neutrophil recruitment to cerebrospinal fluid in pneumococcal meningitis.

Abstract	In this study, we analyzed the expression and function of CXCL16 in pneumococcal meningitis. CXCL16 was found to be up‐regulated in RAW264.7 macrophages (but not in neutrophils and endothelial cells) upon pneumococcal stimulation, in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients, and in the brains as well as the cerebrospinal fluid of mice with pneumococcal meningitis. CXCL16 up‐regulation in vivo was dependent on Toll‐like receptor (TLR) 2/TLR4 and MyD88 signaling. Neutralization of CXCL16 in animals before intracisternal pneumococcal infection (using anti‐CXCL16 antibodies) resulted in reduced cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis. In vitro, murine neutrophils expressed the CXCL16 receptor CXCR6 and showed dose‐dependant migration toward a CXCL16 gradient. Thus, this study implicates CXCL16 as an additional neutrophil chemoattractant in cerebrospinal fluid in early pneumococcal meningitis.
Authors	Bianca Woehrl, Matthias Klein, Tobias A Rupprecht, Helga Schmetzer, Barbara Angele, Hans Häcker, Georg Häcker, Hans-Walter Pfister, Uwe Koedel
Journal	The Journal of infectious diseases (J Infect Dis) Vol. 202 Issue 9 Pg. 1389-96 (Nov 01 2010) ISSN: 1537-6613 [Electronic] United States
PMID	20874518 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Chemical References	Chemokine CXCL16 Chemokine CXCL6 Cxcl16 protein, mouse Cxcr6 protein, mouse Myd88 protein, mouse Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 Receptors, CXCR Receptors, CXCR6 Toll-Like Receptor 2 Toll-Like Receptor 4
Topics	Animals Brain (cytology, immunology) Cell Line Cerebrospinal Fluid (cytology, immunology) Chemokine CXCL16 Chemokine CXCL6 (immunology) Endothelial Cells (immunology) Gene Expression Profiling Humans Macrophages (immunology) Meningitis, Pneumococcal (immunology) Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 (immunology) Neutrophil Infiltration Neutrophils (immunology) Receptors, CXCR (immunology) Receptors, CXCR6 Toll-Like Receptor 2 (immunology) Toll-Like Receptor 4 (immunology)

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