The decline of pneumococcal resistance after cessation of mass antibiotic distributions for trachoma.

Abstract

After 6 biannual mass distributions of oral azithromycin for trachoma in Ethiopian communities, 76.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 66.3%-85.1%) of nasopharyngeal Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from children aged 1-5 years were resistant to macrolides. Twelve and 24 months after the last azithromycin treatment, resistance decreased to 30.6% (95% CI, 18.8%-40.4%; P <.001 ) and 20.8% (95% CI, 12.7%-30.7%; P < .001), respectively. Macrolide resistance decreases after antibiotic pressure is removed.

• Authors: Sara Haug, Takele Lakew, Gabremaskal Habtemariam, Wondu Alemayehu, Vicky Cevallos, Zhaoxia Zhou, Jenafir House, Kathryn Ray, Travis Porco, Tina Rutar, Jeremy Keenan, Thomas M Lietman, Bruce D Gaynor
• Journal: Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (Clin Infect Dis) Vol. 51 Issue 5 Pg. 571-4 (Sep 01 2010) ISSN: 1537-6591 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 20649409 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural)

Chemical References

• Anti-Bacterial Agents

Topics

• Anti-Bacterial Agents (administration & dosage, therapeutic use)
• Child, Preschool
• Ethiopia (epidemiology)
• Female
• Humans
• Infant
• Male
• Pneumococcal Infections (drug therapy, epidemiology, microbiology)
• Streptococcus pneumoniae (drug effects)
• Trachoma (epidemiology, microbiology, prevention & control)