Unrecognized acute phosphate nephropathy in a kidney donor with consequent poor allograft outcome.

Abstract

Acute phosphate nephropathy following a large phosphate load is a potentially irreversible cause of kidney failure. Here, we report on the unfavorable graft outcome in two recipients of deceased donor kidneys from a donor who had evolving acute phosphate nephropathy at the time of organ procurement. The donor, a 30-year-old with cerebral infarction, developed hypophosphatemia associated with diabetic ketoacidosis and was treated with intravenous phosphate resulting in a rise in serum phosphorus from 0.9 to 6.1 mg/dL. Renal biopsies performed on both recipients for suboptimal kidney function revealed acute tubular injury and diffuse calcium phosphate microcrystal deposits in the tubules, which were persistent in subsequent biopsies. A retrospective review of preimplantation biopsies performed on both kidneys revealed similar findings. Even though initial renal histology in both recipients was negative for BK virus, they eventually developed BK viremia with nephropathy but both had a substantive virologic response with therapy. The first patient returned to dialysis at 6 months, while the other has an estimated glomerular filtration rate of 12 mL/min, 17 months following his transplant. We conclude that unrecognized acute phosphate nephropathy in a deceased donor contributed substantially to poor graft outcome in the two recipients.

• Authors: N Agrawal, R Nair, L P McChesney, S Tuteja, M Suneja, C P Thomas
• Journal: American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons (Am J Transplant) Vol. 9 Issue 7 Pg. 1685-9 (Jul 2009) ISSN: 1600-6143 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 19519817 (Publication Type: Case Reports, Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Calcium Phosphates
• Phosphates
• Phosphorus
• calcium phosphate

Topics

• Acute Disease
• Adult
• Aged
• Calcium Phosphates (metabolism)
• Delayed Graft Function (etiology, pathology, physiopathology)
• Female
• Humans
• Hyperphosphatemia (chemically induced, complications)
• Kidney Diseases (chemically induced, pathology)
• Kidney Transplantation (adverse effects, pathology, physiology)
• Kidney Tubules (metabolism, pathology)
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Phosphates (adverse effects)
• Phosphorus (blood)
• Tissue Donors