Sulfur mustard is an alkylating
chemical warfare agent that primarily affects the eyes, skin, and airways.
Sulfur mustard injuries can take several months to heal, necessitate lengthy hospitalizations, and result in significant cosmetic and/or functional deficits. Historically,
blister aspiration and/or deroofing (epidermal removal), physical
debridement, irrigation, topical
antibiotics, and sterile dressings have been the main courses of action in the medical management of cutaneous
sulfur mustard injuries. Current treatment strategy consists of symptomatic management and is designed to relieve symptoms, prevent
infections, and promote healing. There are currently no standardized or optimized methods of casualty management that prevent or minimize deficits and provide for speedy wound healing. Several laboratories are actively searching for improved
therapies for cutaneous
vesicant injury, with the aim of returning damaged skin to optimal appearance and normal function in the shortest time. Improved treatment will result in a better cosmetic and functional outcome for the patient, and will enable the casualty to return to normal activities sooner. This editorial gives brief overviews of
sulfur mustard use, its toxicity, concepts for medical countermeasures, current treatments, and strategies for the development of improved
therapies.