Metabolomics and Type 2 Diabetes Risk: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Due to the rapidly increasing availability of metabolomics data in prospective studies, an update of the meta evidence on metabolomics and type 2 diabetes risk is warranted.

PURPOSE:

To conduct an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of plasma, serum, and urine metabolite markers and incident type 2 diabetes.

DATA SOURCES:

We searched PubMed and Embase until 6 March 2021.

STUDY SELECTION:

We selected prospective observational studies where investigators used high-throughput techniques to investigate the relationship between plasma, serum, or urine metabolites and incident type 2 diabetes.

DATA EXTRACTION:

Baseline metabolites per-SD risk estimates and 95% CIs for incident type 2 diabetes were extracted from all eligible studies.

DATA SYNTHESIS:

A total of 61 reports with 71,196 participants and 11,771 type 2 diabetes cases/events were included in the updated review. Meta-analysis was performed for 412 metabolites, of which 123 were statistically significantly associated (false discovery rate-corrected P < 0.05) with type 2 diabetes risk. Higher plasma and serum levels of certain amino acids (branched-chain, aromatic, alanine, glutamate, lysine, and methionine), carbohydrates and energy-related metabolites (mannose, trehalose, and pyruvate), acylcarnitines (C4-DC, C4-OH, C5, C5-OH, and C8:1), the majority of glycerolipids (di- and triacylglycerols), (lyso)phosphatidylethanolamines, and ceramides included in meta-analysis were associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes (hazard ratio 1.07-2.58). Higher levels of glycine, glutamine, betaine, indolepropionate, and (lyso)phosphatidylcholines were associated with lower type 2 diabetes risk (hazard ratio 0.69-0.90).

LIMITATIONS:

Substantial heterogeneity (I2 > 50%, τ2 > 0.1) was observed for some of the metabolites.

CONCLUSIONS:

Several plasma and serum metabolites, including amino acids, lipids, and carbohydrates, are associated with type 2 diabetes risk.

• Authors: Jakub Morze, Clemens Wittenbecher, Lukas Schwingshackl, Anna Danielewicz, Andrzej Rynkiewicz, Frank B Hu, Marta Guasch-Ferré
• Journal: Diabetes care (Diabetes Care) Vol. 45 Issue 4 Pg. 1013-1024 (04 01 2022) ISSN: 1935-5548 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 35349649 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Meta-Analysis, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Systematic Review, Review)
• Copyright: © 2022 by the American Diabetes Association.

Chemical References

• Amino Acids
• Carbohydrates

Topics

• Amino Acids
• Carbohydrates
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
• Humans
• Metabolomics (methods)
• Observational Studies as Topic
• Prospective Studies
• Risk Factors