The relationship between
Metabolic syndrome and
Atrial Fibrillation is confirmed by many studies. The components of
Metabolic syndrome cause remodeling of the atrial.
Metabolic syndrome and metabolic derangements of the syndrome could be the cause of the pathogenesis of AF. This review article discusses the major
biomarkers of
Metabolic syndrome and their role in the pathogenesis of AF. The
biomarkers are
adiponectin,
leptin,
Leptin/
Adiponectin ratio, TNF-α,
Interleukin-6,
Interleukin-10, PTX3,
ghrelin,
uric acid, and
OxLDL.The elevated plasma levels of
adiponectin were linked to the presence of persistent AF.
Leptin signaling contributes to
angiotensin-II evoked AF and atrial
fibrosis.
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha involvement has been shown in the pathogenesis of chronic AF. Similarly, Valvular AF patients showed high levels of TNF-α. Increased left atrial size was associated with the
interleukin-6 because it is a well-known risk factor for AF.
Interleukin-10 as well as TNF-α were linked to AF recurrence after
catheter ablation. PTX3 could be superior to other inflammatory markers that were reported to be elevated in AF. The serum
ghrelin concentration in AF patients was reduced and significantly increased
after treatment. Elevated levels of
uric acid could be related to the burden of AF. Increased
OxLDL was found in AF as compared to sinus rhythm control.