Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor α versus Tocilizumab in the Treatment of Refractory Uveitic Macular Edema: A Multicenter Study from the French Uveitis Network.

Abstract

PURPOSE:

To analyze the factors associated with response (control of ocular inflammation and corticosteroid-sparing effect) to biologics (anti-tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α agents and tocilizumab) in patients with refractory uveitic macular edema (ME).

DESIGN:

Multicenter, retrospective, observational study.

PARTICIPANTS:

Adult patients with uveitic ME refractory to systemic corticosteroids, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, or both.

METHODS:

Patients received anti-TNF-α agents (infliximab 5 mg/kg at week 0, 2, 6, and every 4-6 weeks [n = 69] and adalimumab 40 mg/2 weeks [n = 80]) and tocilizumab (8 mg/kg every 4 weeks intravenously [n = 39] and 162 mg/week subcutaneously [n = 16]).

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

Analysis of complete and partial response rates, relapse rate, low vision (visual acuity in at least 1 eye of ≥ 1 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution), corticosteroid-sparing effect, and adverse events at 6 months.

RESULTS:

Two hundred four patients (median age, 40 years [interquartile range, 28-58 years]; 42.2% men) were included. Main causes of uveitis included Behçet's disease (17.2%), birdshot chorioretinopathy (11.3%), and sarcoidosis (7.4%). The overall response rate at 6 months was 46.2% (21.8% of complete response) with anti-TNF-α agents and 58.5% (35.8% of complete response) with tocilizumab. In multivariate analysis, treatment with tocilizumab (odds ratio, 2.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-4.06; P = 0.03) was associated independently with complete response of uveitic ME compared with anti-TNF-α agents. Anti-TNF-α agents and tocilizumab did not differ significantly in terms of relapse rate (hazard ratio, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.31-3.18; P = 0.99) or occurrence of low vision (odds ratio, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.51-2.07; P = 0.95) or corticosteroid-sparing effect (P = 0.29). Adverse events were reported in 20.6% of patients, including serious adverse events reported in 10.8% of patients.

CONCLUSIONS:

Tocilizumab seems to improve complete response of uveitic ME compared with anti-TNF-α agents.

• Authors: Mathilde Leclercq, Anaïs Andrillon, Georgina Maalouf, Pascal Sève, Philip Bielefeld, Julie Gueudry, Thomas Sené, Thomas Moulinet, Bénédicte Rouvière, Damien Sène, Anne-Claire Desbois, Fanny Domont, Sara Touhami, Carolla El Chamieh, Patrice Cacoub, Bahram Bodaghi, Lucie Biard, David Saadoun
• Journal: Ophthalmology (Ophthalmology) Vol. 129 Issue 5 Pg. 520-529 (05 2022) ISSN: 1549-4713 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 34793830 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Multicenter Study, Observational Study)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2021 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
• Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors
• Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
• tocilizumab

Topics

• Adult
• Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
• Female
• Humans
• Macular Edema (drug therapy, etiology)
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Recurrence
• Retrospective Studies
• Treatment Outcome
• Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors
• Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (therapeutic use)
• Uveitis (etiology)
• Vision, Low (complications)