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Sarcoidosis (Schaumann Disease)

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An idiopathic systemic inflammatory granulomatous disorder comprised of epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells with little necrosis. It usually invades the lungs with fibrosis and may also involve lymph nodes, skin, liver, spleen, eyes, phalangeal bones, and parotid glands.

Also Known As:

Schaumann Disease; Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann Syndrome; Boeck Disease; Boeck's Disease; Schaumann Syndrome; Schaumann's Syndrome; Besnier Boeck Disease; Besnier Boeck Schaumann Syndrome; Boeck Sarcoid; Boecks Disease; Boecks Sarcoid; Disease, Schaumann; Sarcoid, Boeck's; Sarcoidoses; Schaumann's Syndromes; Syndrome, Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann; Syndrome, Schaumann; Syndrome, Schaumann's; Besnier-Boeck Disease; Boeck's Sarcoid

Networked: 4036 relevant articles (190 outcomes, 392 trials/studies) for this Disease, Comments

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases
- Lymphatic Diseases: 1934
  - Lymphoproliferative Disorders: 2333
    - Sarcoidosis: 4036
      - Pulmonary Sarcoidosis: 542
      - Uveoparotid Fever: 2

Related Diseases

1.	Tuberculosis
2.	Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis (Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)
3.	Wegener Granulomatosis (Wegener's Granulomatosis)
4.	Lymphoma (Lymphomas)
5.	Granuloma

Experts

1.	du Bois, R M: 20 articles (12/2009 - 06/2000)
2.	Baughman, Robert P: 20 articles (08/2009 - 07/2002)
3.	Judson, Marc A: 17 articles (09/2009 - 07/2002)
4.	Eklund, A: 16 articles (11/2008 - 03/2000)
5.	Drent, Marjolein: 15 articles (08/2009 - 06/2002)
6.	Grunewald, J: 15 articles (11/2008 - 03/2000)
7.	du Bois, Roland M: 14 articles (08/2009 - 03/2002)
8.	Welsh, K I: 13 articles (12/2009 - 06/2000)
9.	Grutters, Jan C: 13 articles (07/2009 - 04/2002)
10.	Müller-Quernheim, J: 13 articles (06/2008 - 03/2000)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Sarcoidosis:

1.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 09/01/2008 - "Although corticosteroids remain the initial drug for most patients who require therapy, several steroid-sparing alternatives have been found effective in treating many aspects of sarcoidosis. " 11/01/2001 - "To determine the significant predictors of mortality and to assess the efficacy of corticosteroids, we analyzed clinical findings, treatment, and prognosis in 95 Japanese patients with cardiac sarcoidosis. " 06/01/1994 - "Although corticosteroids are effective in improving the chest X-ray findings of sarcoidosis patients with in short term treatment, it is doubtful that corticosteroids affects the clinical course of sarcoidosis and are beneficial with long term treatment. " 04/01/2008 - "Corticosteroids are the mainstay of treatment for cardiac sarcoidosis as with systemic sarcoid but at present no prospective trial has shown a survival benefit. " 06/01/1986 - "A three week trial is probably sufficient to show whether or not corticosteroids are effective in a patient with sarcoidosis." Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	infliximab (Remicade)FDA Link 01/01/2007 - "A clinically refractory case of cutaneous sarcoidosis was successfully treated with infliximab infusion therapy at a dose of 5mg/kg. Skin lesions cleared dramatically and remain resolved during a 3(1/2) year follow-up, the longest follow-up reported to date. " 08/01/2005 - "RESULTS: Six of the seven patients (five diagnosed with Behçet's disease and one diagnosed with sarcoidosis) showed a significant improvement after the first infliximab dose. " 01/01/2003 - "Infliximab has yielded good results in patients with chronic resistant pulmonary and extrapulmonary sarcoidosis resistant to corticosteroid and cytotoxic therapy. " 03/01/2001 - "CONCLUSIONS: Infliximab was associated with significant improvement in chronic sarcoidosis." 01/01/2004 - "Infliximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody against TNF, and several published reports have shown it to be effective for the treatment of cutaneous sarcoidosis. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Methotrexate (Mexate)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/1997 - "Corticosteroid therapy seems most effective for treatment of ulcerative sarcoidosis, with methotrexate a proven alternative for refractory cases. " 04/24/1995 - "CONCLUSION: Methotrexate is a well-tolerated therapeutic agent with significant steroid sparing and efficacy for the treatment of chronic symptomatic sarcoidosis." 08/01/2005 - "DISCUSSION: Methotrexate seems to be an effective treatment of cutaneous sarcoidosis. " 12/01/1990 - "Methotrexate appears to be an effective alternative to corticosteroid therapy for some patients with sarcoidosis. " 01/01/1997 - "No adverse side effects were noted with methotrexate therapy.CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that low-dose oral methotrexate therapy was effective and safe and had steroid-sparing properties in seven children with sarcoidosis." Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor)IBA 10/15/2005 - "Tumor necrosis factor inhibition as a novel treatment for refractory sarcoidosis." 07/01/2003 - "Targeted antagonism of TNF-alpha has been proposed as a novel treatment strategy for sarcoidosis. " 01/01/2009 - "The efficacy of different anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha(anti-TNF-alpha) treatments in refractory cutaneous and systemic sarcoidosis has been reported previously. " 12/01/2008 - "Previous studies have suggested a prominent role for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in the inflammatory process seen in sarcoidosis. " 10/01/2007 - "This report emphasizes the importance of TNF-alpha in the pathophysiology of this disease and warrants further studies with anti-TNF therapy in patients with refractory ocular sarcoidosis." Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Prednisone (Sone)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2005 - "The study presents a case of a 38-year-old man with sarcoidosis of parotid glands treated with encortone which was followed by remission of the disease." 06/01/1994 - "Under this treatment the sarcoidosis manifestations improved generally, and the prednisone dose was subsequently reduced." 11/01/2007 - "In this study we compared the cellular profiles of induced sputum (IS) and BAL in newly diagnosed sarcoidosis patients before and after 6 months of prednisone therapy. " 04/01/2006 - "Based on the imaging studies and the negative cultures, a diagnosis of sarcoidosis was made, and the patient was started on therapy with prednisone. " 03/01/2006 - "Early diagnosis of lung sarcoidosis is significant, especially in the light of the fact that the latest studies point out that the prednisone therapy, started immediately after the diagnosis has been made, renders positive effects also in asympthomatic patients in II and III phase of the disease." Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	Thalidomide (Thalomid)FDA Link 01/01/2008 - "Thalidomide has been shown to have activity specific to the inflammatory mediators of sarcoidosis, has been shown to be beneficial in cutaneous sarcoidosis, and provides an interesting observation in our patient with refractory neurosarcoidosis. " 01/01/2003 - "Thalidomide at low doses is effective in selected cases of sarcoidosis with cutaneous and mild pulmonary involvement. " 05/01/2003 - "This is the first report on the efficacy of thalidomide in muscle sarcoidosis. " 02/01/2004 - "CONCLUSION: Thalidomide efficacy and tolerance in patients with cutaneous sarcoidosis merits further evaluation in a controlled trial." 01/01/2010 - "Thalidomide dramatically improves the symptoms of early-onset Sarcoidosis/Blau syndrome: Its possible action and mechanism." Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	Prednisolone (Predate)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/1994 - "The findings ultimately led to a diagnosis of myocardial sarcoidosis, which was treated successfully with prednisolone. " 07/01/1977 - "Out of 58 sarcoidosis patients 55 were treated successfully with a prednisolone therapy lasting one to two years. " 07/01/2005 - "METHODS: Thirty newly diagnosed cases of sarcoidosis with clinical indications for treatment and an equal number of matched healthy controls were studied for the presence of D-dimers (DD) in the plasma before starting treatment with oral prednisolone and after clinical remission. " 05/01/2001 - "The patient was treated for deterioration of sarcoidosis with 40 mg of prednisolone and her respiratory status and the radiographic findings improved rapidly. " 08/01/1977 - "Three controlled therapeutic trials were performed and compared: 59 cases with clinically and histologically proven sarcoidosis with spontaneous regression and 180 cases with different regimens of prednisolone: --a steady increase of the absolute number of lymphocytes in cases without and with treatment is a prognostically good sign, --no increase or even decrease is a poor sign, -- a very low and unchanged number is worst. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	TNFR-Fc fusion protein (etanercept)FDA Link 08/01/2005 - "Etanercept for refractory ocular sarcoidosis: results of a double-blind randomized trial." 06/01/2008 - "Relapse of sarcoidosis upon treatment with etanercept." 01/01/2008 - "Development of sarcoidosis during etanercept therapy." 10/01/2007 - "Patients should be monitored during and after etanercept therapy for manifestations suggesting sarcoidosis, and we recommend patients receive baseline chest radiography at the start of therapy with follow-up of respiratory symptoms." 10/01/2007 - "The association of etanercept with sarcoidosis is still a rare finding. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme)IBA 10/15/1988 - "However, the serum angiotensin converting enzyme level was increased in a significantly greater proportion of these 15 patients than in the patients assessed as totally recovered from sarcoidosis." 01/01/2005 - "Although not generally recommended for diagnostic purposes in sarcoidosis, in this case determination of the angiotensin-converting enzyme level was helpful in making the correct diagnosis. " 07/15/1981 - "Serial determination of angiotensin-converting enzyme is a useful diagnostic parameter in sarcoidosis; especially in evaluating progression of the disease as well as the efficacy of corticosteroid treatment." 05/01/2008 - "Serum angiotensin converting enzyme and chest radiography had relatively poor sensitivity for detecting biopsy proven disease in our study and therefore additional testing for tissue diagnosis might still be necessary for extrapulmonary neuro-ophthalmic sarcoidosis. " 12/01/2007 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible association of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism with sarcoidosis in the Slovene population. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	CalciumIBA 03/01/1996 - "These findings suggested that sarcoidosis may be associated with renal dysfunction due to tubular injury caused by calcium deposition in the tubules, and that glucocorticoid therapy was effective for these disorders." 05/01/1998 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate alterations in calcium metabolism in sarcoidosis. " 03/01/1990 - "The results of this study provide presumptive evidence for an important role of agonist (IFN gamma)-calcium-modulated eicosanoid metabolism in the regulated synthesis of 1,25-(OH)2D by PAM in sarcoidosis." 09/01/1980 - "The disturbed calcium metabolism in this patient is characteristic of that observed in sarcoidosis, but extensive studies have failed to uncover evidence of this condition." 01/01/2007 - "A rapid rise in serum calcium finally provoked us to check for sarcoidosis. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 03/01/1979 - "Sarcoidosis, the possibility of its spontaneous remission, and its responsiveness to corticosteroid and other drug therapies are discussed. " 04/01/1994 - "With the incidence of sarcoidosis exceeding that of HD for the general population, the authors emphasize the importance of considering the presence of sarcoidosis in the differential diagnosis of patients who do not respond radiographically to HD chemotherapy." 04/01/1994 - "The authors discuss the relationship between sarcoidosis and HD and hypothesize that the development or progression of sarcoidosis in a patient with HD is a potential consequence of chemotherapy. " 10/15/1991 - "When there was no change after two courses of chemotherapy, a mediastinoscopy was performed and the results showed sarcoidosis." 11/01/1990 - "We conclude that in contradistinction to the previously described syndrome of sarcoidosis preceding LD, there exists a syndrome of sarcoidosis following malignancy with or without chemotherapy." Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 02/01/2006 - "Subcutaneous sarcoidosis presenting after treatment of Cushing's disease." 05/01/2008 - "After treatment of patients with optic neuropathy, visual acuity at last follow-up visit was improved in 5, worsened in 5, and stable (i.e., within one Snellen acuity line of baseline) in 4. CONCLUSION: In our Midwest retrospective case series of biopsy proven neuro-ophthalmic sarcoidosis, patients were predominately white females with a wide age range. " 01/01/1999 - "The aim of this study was to assess ACE activity using Haiakari spectrophotometry in patients with non-sarcoidosis uveitis before and after treatment. " 03/01/2005 - "Clinicians should be aware of the possibility that sarcoidosis may initially manifest or be reactivated during or shortly after treatment with antiviral therapy in patients with chronic HCV infection." 08/01/2003 - "PURPOSE: To assess the visual acuity outcome after treatment, in patients with differing types of uveitis associated with sarcoidosis, and to determine the types of sight-threatening complications. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Splenectomy 03/01/2002 - "AIM: This study was conducted to explore indications for splenectomy in sarcoidosis and to assess if complications associated with splenic removal were unacceptable. " 03/01/2009 - "Splenectomy was performed and histological exam showed chronic granulomatous lesions typical for sarcoidosis. " 04/01/2005 - "Laparoscopic splenectomy for isolated sarcoidosis of the spleen." 03/01/2002 - "Splenectomy in sarcoidosis: indications, complications, and long-term follow-up." 09/01/1995 - "Splenectomy was done in three patients, but the natural history of their sarcoidosis remained unaltered two years after diagnosis. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Transplants (Transplant) 11/01/1983 - "We report two cases of nasal sarcoidosis which are both treated by excision and split-skin graft and yield good results after one year and three years' follow-up." 07/01/2007 - "The diagnosis of sarcoidosis should not disqualify potential transplant candidates." 07/01/2007 - "We sought to review outcomes in patients with sarcoidosis who had heart transplants and compared their outcomes with those of transplanted patients without sarcoidosis. " 09/01/2005 - "INTRODUCTION: Sarcoidosis accounts for only 2.8% of lung transplants in the United States. " 09/01/2005 - "Three patients had sarcoid recurrence in the lung graft, but none had clinically overt extra-thoracic sarcoidosis. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Implantable Defibrillators (Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator) 04/01/2004 - "The implantable cardioverter-defibrillator is an effective treatment for ventricular tachyarrythmia with cardiac sarcoidosis." 05/21/2005 - "The use of resynchronisation therapy and implantable defibrillators has improved the prognosis of patients with cardiac sarcoidosis." 07/15/2005 - "Similarly, the long-term benefit of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) in cardiac sarcoidosis has not been established. " 07/01/1991 - "[Myocardial sarcoidosis treated with implantable defibrillator]" 03/01/2008 - "Recurrent ventricular tachycardia in cardiac sarcoidosis: usefulness of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for adequate management of corticoid therapy after placement of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator." Order ALL the reference details at left...

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