Prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease in an HIV positive Mexican cohort.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

HIV subjects have several kidney pathologies, like HIV-associated nephropathy or antiretroviral therapy injury, among others. The global prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is 8-16%; however, in HIV subjects, the prevalence varies between geographic regions (2-38%). The aim was to determine the prevalence of CKD and identify the associated risk factors.

METHODS:

A longitudinal descriptive study was carried out at the 'Hospital Civil de Guadalajara' Feb'18 - Jan'19. Basal clinical, demographic, opportunistic infections (OI), and laboratory data were obtained at months 0 and 3; inclusion criteria were ≥ 18 years old, naïve HIV + , urine albumin/creatinine ratio, serum creatinine & urine test, and signed informed consent. Descriptive and multiple logistic regression statistical analyses were made.

RESULTS:

One hundred twenty subjects were included; 92.5% were male, 33 ± 9.5 years, 60% consumed tobacco, 73% alcohol, and 59% some type of drug. The CKD prevalence was 15.8%. CKD patients had a higher risk of hepatitis C virus coinfection, Relative Risk (RR):5.9; HCV infection, RR:4.3; ≥ 30 years old, RR:3.9; C clinical-stage, RR:3.5; CD4+ T cells count < 200 cells/μL, RR: 2.4; and HIV-1 viral load ≥ 100,000 cop/mL, RR: 2.7.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our study showed a higher CKD prevalence in patients with HIV; higher CKD development with coinfections as Hepatitis C Virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The identification and prompt management of CKD and coinfections should be considered to avoid the progression and to delay renal replacement therapy as long as possible.

• Authors: Verónica Valdivia-Cerda, Monserrat Alvarez-Zavala, Karina Sánchez-Reyes, Rodolfo I Cabrera-Silva, Vida V Ruiz-Herrera, Aldo D Loza-Salazar, Pedro Martínez-Ayala, Juan C Vázquez-Limón, Guillermo García-García, Jaime F Andrade-Villanueva, Luz A González-Hernández
• Journal: BMC nephrology (BMC Nephrol) Vol. 22 Issue 1 Pg. 317 (09 23 2021) ISSN: 1471-2369 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 34556049 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: © 2021. The Author(s).

Topics

• AIDS-Associated Nephropathy (epidemiology)
• Adult
• CD4 Lymphocyte Count
• CD4-CD8 Ratio
• Coinfection
• Female
• HIV Seropositivity (complications, virology)
• HIV-1
• Humans
• Male
• Mexico (epidemiology)
• Prevalence
• Renal Insufficiency, Chronic (epidemiology, etiology)
• Risk Factors
• Viral Load