Anthocyanins from the fruits of Lycium ruthenicum Murray improve high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance by ameliorating inflammation and oxidative stress in mice.

Abstract	A high-fat diet (HFD) promotes tissue inflammation, oxidative stress and insulin resistance (IR), thereby contributing to the development of obesity and diabetes. Anthocyanins from Lycium ruthenicum (AC) have demonstrated anti-obesity effects and modulated IR. To investigate the mechanism by which AC attenuates the adverse effects of consuming a HFD, C57BL/6J mice were fed a HFD supplemented with AC or a control diet without AC for 12 weeks. AC supplementation decreased the amount of weight gain, hepatic lipid, and sequentially improved dyslipidemia, inflammation, oxidative stress, and IR in HFD-fed mice. Molecular data revealed that AC inhibited hepatic inflammation by reducing TLR4/NF-κB/JNK in the liver tissues and ameliorated oxidative stress by activating the Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 pathway. Thus, AC might activate IRS-1/AKT and prevent HFD-induced gluconeogenesis and IR by ameliorating inflammation and oxidative stress. Modulation of inflammation and oxidative stress with AC may represent a promising target for the treatment of IR and provide insight into the mechanism by which AC protects against obesity.
Authors	Baoming Tian, Jianhua Zhao, Xiaoqing Xie, Tao Chen, Yan Yin, Ruohan Zhai, Xinlei Wang, Wei An, Juxiu Li
Journal	Food & function (Food Funct) Vol. 12 Issue 9 Pg. 3855-3871 (May 11 2021) ISSN: 2042-650X [Electronic] England
PMID	33704297 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
Chemical References	Anthocyanins Blood Glucose Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins Irs1 protein, mouse NF-kappa B Tlr4 protein, mouse Toll-Like Receptor 4
Topics	Animals Anthocyanins (administration & dosage) Blood Glucose (metabolism) Diet, High-Fat (adverse effects) Dietary Supplements Fruit (chemistry) Gluconeogenesis Homeostasis Inflammation Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins (metabolism) Insulin Resistance Lipid Metabolism Liver (metabolism, pathology) Lycium Male Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL NF-kappa B (metabolism) Obesity (prevention & control) Oxidative Stress Signal Transduction Toll-Like Receptor 4 (metabolism)

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