Ischemia cerebral stroke is one of the common neurological diseases with severe inflammatory response and neuron death. The inhibition of
colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) which especially expressed in microglia/macrophage exerted neuroprotection in
stroke. However, the underlying neuroinflammatory regulation effects of CSF1R in
ischemia stroke are not clear. In this study,
cerebral ischemia stroke mice model was established. The C57/B6J mice were administered with
Ki20227, a CSF1R inhibitor, by gavage for 7 consecutive days (0.002 mg/kg/day) before modeling. The Rota-Rod test and neurobehavioral score test were investigated to assess neurobehavioral functions. The area of
infarction was assessed by 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium
chloride (TTC) staining. The
mRNA expressions of M1/M2 microglia markers were evaluated by real-time PCR. Immunofluorescence and Western blot were utilized to detect the changes of Iba1 and NLRP3 pathway
proteins. Results showed that neurobehavioral function improvement was demonstrated by an increased stay time on the Rota-Rod test and a decreased neurobehavioral score in the
Ki20227 treatment group. The area of
infarction reduced in
Ki20227 group when compared to the
stroke group. Moreover, the
mRNA expression of M1 microglia markers (TNF-α and iNOS) decreased while M2 microglia markers (IL-10 and Arg-1) increased. Meanwhile, compared to the
stroke and stroke+PBS group,
Ki20227 administration downregulated the expression of NLRP3, active
caspase 1, and NF-κB
protein in the
ischemia penumbra of
Ki20227 treatment group mice. In short, the CSF1R inhibitor,
Ki20227, played vital neuroprotective roles in
ischemia cerebral stroke mice, and the mechanisms may be via inhibiting microglia M1 polarization and NLRP3
inflammasome pathway activation. Our study provides a potential new target for the treatment of
ischemic stroke injury.