Role of microRNA/Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Axis in the Metastasis of Bladder Cancer.

Abstract

Bladder cancer (BC) is the 11th most common diagnosed cancer, and a number of factors including environmental and genetic ones participate in BC development. Metastasis of BC cells into neighboring and distant tissues significantly reduces overall survival of patients with this life-threatening disorder. Recently, studies have focused on revealing molecular pathways involved in metastasis of BC cells, and in this review, we focus on microRNAs (miRNAs) and their regulatory effect on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) mechanisms that can regulate metastasis. EMT is a vital process for migration of BC cells, and inhibition of this mechanism restricts invasion of BC cells. MiRNAs are endogenous non-coding RNAs with 19-24 nucleotides capable of regulating different cellular events, and EMT is one of them. In BC cells, miRNAs are able to both induce and/or inhibit EMT. For regulation of EMT, miRNAs affect different molecular pathways such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), Snail, Slug, ZEB1/2, CD44, NSBP1, which are, discussed in detail this review. Besides, miRNA/EMT axis can also be regulated by upstream mediators such as lncRNAs, circRNAs and targeted by diverse anti-tumor agents. These topics are also discussed here to reveal diverse molecular pathways involved in migration of BC cells and strategies to target them to develop effective therapeutics.

• Authors: Milad Ashrafizadeh, Kiavash Hushmandi, Mehrdad Hashemi, Mohammad Esmaeil Akbari, Peter Kubatka, Mehdi Raei, Lenka Koklesova, Md Shahinozzaman, Reza Mohammadinejad, Masoud Najafi, Gautam Sethi, Alan Prem Kumar, Ali Zarrabi
• Journal: Biomolecules (Biomolecules) Vol. 10 Issue 8 (08 07 2020) ISSN: 2218-273X [Electronic] Switzerland
• PMID: 32784711 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Review)

Chemical References

• MicroRNAs
• Transcription Factors
• Transforming Growth Factor beta

Topics

• Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (drug effects, genetics)
• Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
• Humans
• MAP Kinase Signaling System (genetics, immunology)
• MicroRNAs (genetics, metabolism)
• Neoplasm Metastasis
• Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases (genetics, metabolism)
• Transcription Factors (genetics, metabolism)
• Transforming Growth Factor beta (metabolism)
• Urinary Bladder Neoplasms (genetics, metabolism, pathology)
• Wnt Signaling Pathway (genetics)