Ex-vivo Sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to Common Anti-malarial Drugs: The Case of Kéniéroba, a Malaria Endemic Village in Mali.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

In 2006, the National Malaria Control Program in Mali recommended artemisinin-based combination therapy as the first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria. Since the introduction of artemisinin-based combination therapy, few reports are available on the level of resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to the most common anti-malarial drugs in Mali.

METHODS:

From 2016 to 2017, we assessed the ex-vivo drug sensitivity of P. falciparum isolates in Kéniéroba, a village located in a rural area of southern Mali. We collected P. falciparum isolates from malaria-infected children living in Kéniéroba. The isolates were tested for ex-vivo sensitivity to commonly used anti-malarial drugs, namely chloroquine, quinine, amodiaquine, mefloquine, lumefantrine, dihydroartermisinin, and piperaquine. We used the 50% inhibitory concentration determination method, which is based on the incorporation of SYBR® Green into the parasite's genetic material.

RESULTS:

Plasmodium falciparum isolates were found to have a reduced ex-vivo sensitivity to quinine (25.7%), chloroquine (12.2%), amodiaquine (2.7%), and mefloquine (1.3%). In contrast, the isolates were 100% sensitive to lumefantrine, dihydroartermisinin, and piperaquine. A statistically significant correlation was found between 50% inhibitory concentration values of quinine and amodiaquine (r = 0.80; p < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Plasmodium falciparum isolates were highly sensitive to dihydroartermisinin, lumefantrine, and piperaquine and less sensitive to amodiaquine (n = 2), mefloquine (n = 1), and quinine (n = 19). Therefore, our data support the previously reported increasing trend in chloroquine sensitivity in Mali.

• Authors: Karim Traoré, Seidina A S Diakité, Sekou Bah, Drissa S Konaté, Djeneba Dabitao, Ibrahim Sanogo, Modibo Sangaré, Souleymane Dama, Bourama Keita, Mory Doumbouya, Merepen A Guindo, Seydou Doumbia, Mahamadou Diakité
• Journal: Drugs in R&D (Drugs R D) Vol. 20 Issue 3 Pg. 249-255 (Sep 2020) ISSN: 1179-6901 [Electronic] New Zealand
• PMID: 32557086 (Publication Type: Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Antimalarials
• Artemisinins
• Quinolines
• Amodiaquine
• artenimol
• Chloroquine
• piperaquine
• Quinine
• Lumefantrine
• Mefloquine

Topics

• Adolescent
• Amodiaquine (pharmacology)
• Antimalarials (pharmacology)
• Artemisinins (pharmacology)
• Child
• Child, Preschool
• Chloroquine (pharmacology)
• Drug Resistance
• Endemic Diseases
• Humans
• Infant
• Inhibitory Concentration 50
• Lumefantrine (pharmacology)
• Malaria, Falciparum (epidemiology, parasitology)
• Mali (epidemiology)
• Mefloquine (pharmacology)
• Plasmodium falciparum (drug effects, isolation & purification)
• Quinine (pharmacology)
• Quinolines (pharmacology)