Malaria

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14540 relevant articles (1135 outcomes, 1624 trials/studies) found for this Disease

Description: A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.

Also Known As:

Infections, Plasmodium; Paludism; Fever, Marsh; Fever, Remittent; Infection, Plasmodium; Plasmodium Infection; Marsh Fever; Plasmodium Infections; Remittent Fever

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Parasitic Diseases: 561

Protozoan Infections: 116

Coccidiosis: 553

Malaria: 14540

Falciparum Malaria: 3043

Cerebral Malaria: 685

Vivax Malaria: 413

Avian Malaria: 68

Related Diseases

1.	Infection
2.	Falciparum Malaria (Plasmodium falciparum Malaria)
3.	Parasitemia
4.	Fever (Fevers)
5.	Anemia

Experts

1.	Nahlen, Bernard L: 23 articles (03/2005 - 01/2002)
2.	Rosenthal, Philip J: 21 articles (06/2008 - 01/2002)
3.	ter Kuile, Feiko O: 18 articles (06/2007 - 02/2003)
4.	Marsh, Kevin: 17 articles (05/2008 - 02/2002)
5.	Looareesuwan, Sornchai: 17 articles (03/2007 - 01/2002)
6.	Kremsner, Peter G: 15 articles (09/2008 - 11/2002)
7.	Hawley, William A: 15 articles (09/2003 - 04/2003)
8.	Thomas, Alan W: 14 articles (09/2008 - 08/2002)
9.	Hill, Adrian V S: 14 articles (12/2007 - 03/2002)
10.	Phillips-Howard, Penelope A: 14 articles (04/2003 - 04/2003)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Malaria:

1.	Chloroquine (Aralen)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/2007 - "They also demonstrate that chloroquine-currently recommended for the home management of presumed malaria in children under the age of five years and commonly used by adults-remains highly effective in patients with uncomplicated P. " 01/01/2001 - "Despite the intensification of resistance during the last 2 decades, chloroquine remains in 2000 the first-line treatment for malaria in most of these countries. " 09/01/2000 - "Chloroquine is indicated for the first-line treatment of uncomplicated malaria in most African countries. " 10/01/1998 - "CONCLUSIONS: Chloroquine remains highly effective in the treatment of malaria due to P. " 01/01/1998 - "However, chloroquine was a highly effective treatment for malaria not only because of its ability to kill parasites quickly but also because it is an anti-inflammatory drug. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (Fansidar)FDA Link 01/01/2004 - "The object of this study is to assess the contribution in the field of two new antimalarial fight steps taken in 2001-2002: The use of the rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for malaria OptiMAL in the rural health centres and the drop of the CQ alone for the simultaneous administration of CQ and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) as the first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria. " 01/01/2008 - "BACKGROUND: To reduce the intolerable burden of malaria in pregnancy, the Ministry of Health in Uganda improved the antenatal care package by including a strong commitment to increase distribution of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and introduction of intermittent preventive treatment with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine for pregnant women (IPTp-SP) as a national policy in 2000. " 10/01/2005 - "Malaria cure with sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine combination in 12 semi-immune adults from West-Central Africa with high rates of point mutations in Plasmodium falciparum dhfr and dhps genes." 06/01/2009 - "In terms of prevention, intermittent preventive treatment with two doses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) has been found less effective in preventing malaria in HIV-infected than uninfected women, and a higher dosage (such as monthly SP) has been recommended. " 06/01/2004 - "The development of resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine by Plasmodium parasites is a major problem for the effective treatment of malaria, especially P. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	AntigensIBA 01/01/2009 - "HYPOTHESIS: It is likely that apart from differences in study methodologies, differences in exposure among study subjects within each study and brevity of antibody responses to malaria antigen are important sources of the variation in protective efficacy of anti-malaria immune responses mentioned above. " 11/01/2008 - "Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) directed against Plasmodium falciparum-derived antigens were shown to play an important role for the protection against malaria. " 01/01/2008 - "ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Antigen-specific antibody-mediated immune responses play an important role in natural protection against clinical malaria, but conflicting estimates of this association have emerged from immuno-epidemiological studies in different geographical settings. " 01/01/2006 - "Nevertheless, together the data have important implications for development of an effective malaria vaccine since the selection of appropriate Plasmodium antigens and/or adjuvants, targeting innate immune responses involving DCs, may provide optimal protection against malaria. " 07/01/2004 - "A small peptide (CEL-1000) derived from the beta-chain of the human major histocompatibility complex class II molecule induces complete protection against malaria in an antigen-independent manner." Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	artemisinine (artemisinin)IBA 12/01/2009 - "RECENT FINDINGS: The replacement of older drugs by artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs) as the recommended treatment for malaria has dramatically improved treatment outcomes wherever ACTs have been deployed effectively. " 02/01/2009 - "A 28-day test of artemisinin-based combinations, AS+SP and AS+AQ, proved to be highly efficacious with cure rates of 98-100% supporting the choice of AS+SP combination as first line treatment for uncomplicated malaria for Somalia." 07/01/2008 - "Artemisinin is a polycyclic sesquiterpene lactone that is highly effective against multidrug-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum, the etiological agent of the most severe form of malaria. " 04/01/2008 - "Yet recently, malaria incidence has been dramatically reduced in some parts of Africa by increasing deployment of anti-mosquito measures and new artemisinin-containing treatments, prompting renewed calls for global eradication. " 02/01/2008 - "Nowadays most of African malaria control programmes have switched their first-line treatment of uncomplicated malaria cases towards artemisinin derivatives combination. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	AntibodiesIBA 04/12/2007 - "falciparum is the target of cytophilic antibodies which are significantly associated with protection against clinical malaria. " 05/18/2007 - "A potentially useful solution described herein allows the antimalarial efficacy of human antibodies to be determined using rodent malaria parasites transgenic for P. " 02/01/1991 - "These antibodies may still contribute to the immune protection against malaria, but they were not reliable parameters for protective immunity in the population we studied." 09/01/1993 - "The relative contribution of antibodies, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to sporozoite-induced protection against malaria." 01/01/1988 - "In recent malaria sporozoite vaccine trials in humans and mice, antibodies to the sporozoite coat protein have given only modest protection against sporozoite challenge. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
6.	artesunateIBA 02/01/2007 - "Our findings indicate that artesunate, in addition to being a very effective treatment for uncomplicated malaria, can also sharply reduce the S. " 02/01/2007 - "Antischistosomal efficacy of artesunate combination therapies administered as curative treatments for malaria attacks." 10/01/2009 - "Artesunate (AS), a rapid, effective, and safe antimalarial drug, has been used for the treatment of malaria for decades. " 04/01/2000 - "Acute malaria is associated with a significant reduction in the clearance of artesunate-associated antimalarial activity." 03/01/2003 - "However, the efficacy of a 3-day course of artesunate alone has never been evaluated in individuals in Africa (which has 90% of the worldwide malaria burden) living in regions of hyperendemicity, where a considerable degree of immunity might substantially enhance the efficacy of short courses of artesunate compared to those in regions where the levels of endemicity are low. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
7.	Mefloquine (Lariam)FDA LinkGeneric 11/29/1997 - " One placebo-controlled trial directly examined malaria incidence and showed mefloquine to be highly effective in preventing malaria in an area of drug resistance. " 05/01/1985 - "A clinical field trial was conducted to determine if mefloquine is effective in the treatment of malaria due to Plasmodium vivax. " 01/01/2000 - "OBJECTIVES: Mefloquine has now largely replaced earlier malaria prophylaxis drugs which are no longer considered to be effective against all Plasmodium species, due to parasite resistance. " 09/01/1999 - "Mefloquine is an oral drug effective against malaria with a prolonged half-life, less toxicity and easier administration than pentavalent antimonials. " 05/01/1983 - "Mefloquine, a new antimalarial which has been effective in curing malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum and P. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
8.	Antimalarials (Antimalarial Agents)IBA 01/01/2002 - "Yearly residual house spraying performed for 5 years (1993-1998) and the availability of antimalarial drugs reduced malaria transmission to very low levels, with improvement in parasitologic and entomologic indexes. " 12/01/1995 - "It is recommended that blood samples from prospective blood donors be examined for malaria parasites and that recipients of malaria-infected blood samples be given a curative regimen of antimalarials." 08/01/2003 - "Although antimalarial drugs have been developed primarily to treat malaria, they are also beneficial for many dermatological, immunological, and rheumatological diseases, for which they are mostly used today in the Western world. " 01/01/2008 - "Assessment of the efficacy of antimalarial drugs recommended by the National Malaria Control Programme in Madagascar: up-dated baseline data from randomized and multi-site clinical trials." 07/01/2007 - "HIV-associated immunosuppression contributes to more frequent and more severe malaria and reduced efficacy of antimalarials in pregnant women and adults. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
9.	Amodiaquine (Camoquin)FDA Link 10/01/2003 - "Currently, successful malaria treatment depends primarily upon the efficacy of SP, and of amodiaquine, which is either a component of first-line treatment, or the second line drug. " 09/01/2003 - "Rapid clearance of Plasmodium falciparum hyperparasitaemia after oral amodiaquine treatment in patients with uncomplicated malaria." 04/01/2007 - "[Therapeutic efficacy of amodiaquine against uncomplicated malaria in Madagascar]" 11/01/1999 - "Amodiaquine remains effective for treating uncomplicated malaria in west and central Africa." 06/01/2006 - "CONCLUSION: Amodiaquine plus SP remains an efficacious, affordable and safe option for treating malaria in certain settings." Order ALL the reference details at left...
10.	Quinine (Quinson)FDA Link 07/01/2009 - "Therefore, ACTs and not quinine should be used as second-line treatment, because these are well tolerated, highly efficacious, and have the advantage of reducing gametocyte carriage and consequently malaria transmissibility, particularly in areas of less intense transmission." 01/01/2000 - "Quinine by intramuscular or intrarectal injection has been found to be the best treatment for malaria in Niger, particularly in field health centres where the use of solutions can pose problems. " 03/01/1991 - "So, at the dosage of 25 mg/kg, quinine was found to be very effective in the Congo in 1989 against both pernicious and non pernicious malaria." 01/01/1995 - "The good tolerability and efficacy of this new intrarectal quinine formulation might allow to propose this route as an alternative to intramuscular route for the treatment of childhood malaria in Africa." 01/01/1995 - "High efficacy of short-term quinine-antibiotic combinations for treating adult malaria patients in an area in which malaria is hyperendemic." Order ALL the reference details at left...

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Chemoprevention 01/01/2004 - "Chemoprophylaxis is highly effective in reducing mortality and morbidity from malaria in young children and pregnant women living in endemic areas, but is difficult to sustain and, in some studies, has impaired the development of naturally acquired immunity. " 10/01/1998 - "Yet, most of travelers' diseases such as malaria cannot be prevented by vaccination and appropriate preventive measures (chemoprophylaxis and protection against insects) should be taken." 11/01/1994 - "The harmful effects of malaria are most pronounced during first pregnancies and chemoprophylaxis is most effective when given at this time. " 11/01/1989 - "Among these, malaria represent the most alarming problem, both because of the incidence cases and the difficulties related to the efficacy of pharmacological remedies for the chemoprophylaxis. " 12/14/1979 - "Tourists should not forget that a rational and regular chemoprophylaxis is the best protection against serious attacks of malaria." Order ALL the reference details at left...
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 02/01/2004 - "Despite substantial efforts at control over several decades, malaria is still a major global health problem as chemotherapy of malaria parasites is limited by established drug resistance and lack of novel treatment options. " 02/01/1997 - "Vector control and malaria chemotherapy that were previously effective in controlling and treating malaria are now largely ineffective due to insecticide-resistant mosquitoes and drug-resistant parasites. " 04/01/1988 - "On the other hand, the disappearance of malaria without large scale control operations could be ascribed to the two main factors: one is malaria case detection and simultaneous drug therapy available through the nation-wide passive case detection network during the 1960s and the other is rapidly improved farming practices begun in 1970s, which resulted in the use of a huge quantity of pesticides and other chemicals for agriculture, which, in turn, might affect local anopheline vectors which were originally not effective ones any way." 10/01/2003 - "Chemotherapy of malaria parasites is limited by established drug resistance and lack of novel treatment options. " 09/01/1996 - "Improved understanding of both organelle's replicative mechanisms could give new leads to malaria chemotherapy." Order ALL the reference details at left...
3.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 06/01/2007 - "Specificity was 93% for HRP2 and 100% for pLDH, with differences primarily due to rapid clearance of pLDH antigenemia after treatment of a previous malaria episode. " 11/01/2009 - "Malaria incidence several months after treatments was not significantly different from pre-treatment levels. " 06/01/2009 - "[Hematologic variations in patient with malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax before, during and after treatment]" 01/01/2009 - "However, concerns as to whether immunity develops efficiently in treated individuals, and whether there is a rebound effect after treatment is halted, have made it imperative to define the effects that IPTi and IPTc exert on the clinical malaria scenario. " 04/01/2008 - "Thus, special attention should be applied when interpreting laboratory blood profiles of malaria patients, especially platelet and lipid based tests, until full recovery after treatment." Order ALL the reference details at left...
4.	Injections 01/01/2008 - "Depending on the ICC-1132 vaccine concentration, 95 to 100% of volunteers developed antibody responses to the ICC-1132 immunogen and HBc after two injections; however, only 29-75% and 29-63% of volunteers, respectively, developed malaria-specific responses measured by the malaria repeat synthetic peptide ELISA and IFA; 2 of 8 volunteers had positive reactions in the CSP assay. " 01/01/2005 - "Multiple injections of gamma-radiation-attenuated Plasmodium sporozoites (gamma-spz) can induce long-lived, sterile immunity against pre-erythrocytic stages of malaria. " 05/15/2004 - "BACKGROUND: Many patients with malaria of increasing severity cannot take medicines orally, and delay in injectable treatment can be fatal. " 09/01/1997 - "Of injections, 74.1% were for treatment of febrile illness, usually presumed to be malaria. " 03/01/1994 - "10% of children attending government clinics and 43% of those attending private facilities receive an injection for malaria, a gross overuse of injectable drugs. " Order ALL the reference details at left...
5.	Oral Administration 05/13/2005 - "The water extract of Cardiospermum halicacabum L was toxic to mice, none surviving beyond day 4 of oral administration, with no evidence of protection against Plasmodium berghei malaria. " 02/20/2006 - "These investigations thus seemed to indicate the safety of repeated oral administration (up to 3 g/kg/d) of the hydroethanolic extract of Mitragyna inermis leaves, which can therefore be continuously used with safety by the African population in traditional treatment of malaria." 07/24/2003 - "Immune response after oral administration of the encapsulated malaria synthetic peptide SPf66." 02/28/2008 - "Malaria-infected mice are cured by oral administration of new artemisinin derivatives." 06/01/2007 - "METHODS: Plasma concentration-time data from six clinical studies involving oral administration of artemisinin to healthy subjects and malaria patients were included in the analysis. " Order ALL the reference details at left...

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