Effects of propofol on ischemia-reperfusion and traumatic brain injury.

Abstract

Oxidative stress exacerbates brain damage following ischemia-reperfusion and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Management of TBI and critically ill patients commonly involves use of propofol, a sedation medication that acts as a general anesthetic with inherent antioxidant properties. Here we review available evidence from animal model systems and clinical studies that propofol protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, evidence of propofol toxicity in humans exists and manifests as a rare complication, "propofol infusion syndrome" (PRIS). Evidence in animal models suggests that brain injury induces expression of the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), which is associated with proapoptotic signaling. p75NTR-mediated apoptosis of neurons is further exacerbated by propofol's superinduction of p75NTR and concomitant inhibition of neurotrophin processing. Propofol is toxic to neurons but not astrocytes, a type of glial cell. Evidence suggests that propofol protects astrocytes from oxidative stress and stimulates astroglial-mediated protection of neurons. One may speculate that in brain injury patients under sedation/anesthesia, propofol provides brain tissue protection or aids in recovery by enhancing astrocyte function. Nevertheless, our understanding of neurologic recovery versus long-term neurological sequelae leading to neurodegeneration is poor, and it is also conceivable that propofol plays a partial as yet unrecognized role in long-term impairment of the injured brain.

• Authors: Melissa A Hausburg, Kaysie L Banton, Phillip E Roman, Fernando Salgado, Peter Baek, Michael J Waxman, Allen Tanner 2nd, Jeffrey Yoder, David Bar-Or
• Journal: Journal of critical care (J Crit Care) Vol. 56 Pg. 281-287 (04 2020) ISSN: 1557-8615 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 32001426 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Review)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Anesthetics
• Propofol

Topics

• Anesthesia
• Anesthetics
• Animals
• Apoptosis
• Astrocytes (drug effects)
• Brain (drug effects, metabolism)
• Brain Injuries, Traumatic (drug therapy)
• Disease Models, Animal
• Humans
• Oxidative Stress
• Propofol (adverse effects, therapeutic use)
• Reperfusion Injury (drug therapy)